Genetically Modified Organisms: The European Union vs. The United States
"By increasing the fertility of the land, it increases its abundance. The improvements of agriculture too introduce many sorts of vegetable foods, which, requiring less land and not more labor than corn, come cheaply to the market."
-Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Book I.XI.n
The United States and the European Union are currently in dispute over the trade of genetically modified organisms. These altered plants produce more fruit per acre than traditional methods of farming while protecting the species from insects, environmental changes, and mutations. The output coupled with the benefits of environmental protection yield better products at a cheaper price for consumers. Adam Smith would favor the technologies of genetic modification because the fertility of the land increases, as well as its abundance. This growth results in more agricultural products on the market that require less land for cultivation, and no increase in labor. The consumer is then presented with a cheaper price because there eliminates the need to incur great labor costs and, at times, crop protection inputs such as pesticides. The European Union should allow these products to enter their market freely, to provide the maximum gain to EU consumers.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
What is a GMO?
GMO stands for a ‘genetically modified organism’. A GMO is artificially developed by scientists to produce specific results such as sustain life through a drought or produce a greater quantity of fruit per plant (Monsanto Corporation:1999). This practice began centuries ago when plants and animals were selectively bred and microorganisms were us...
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...ld dominate trade talks." Voice of Agriculture. http://www.fb.org
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Food is an essential part of everyday life without it one could not survive. Every day we make choices on what we put in to our bodies. There are countless varieties of food to choose from to meet the diverse tastes of the increasing population. Almost all food requires a label explaining the ingredients and the nutritional value allowing consumers to make informed decisions on what they are consuming. However, many may not be considering where that food is coming from or how it has been produced. Unfortunately, there is more to food than meets the eye. Since 1992, “ the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ruled, based on woefully limited data, that genetically modified foods were ‘substantially equivalent’ to their non-GM counterparts” (Why to Support Labeling). GM food advocates have promised to create more nutritious food that will be able to grow in harsh climate conditions and eventually put an end to world hunger in anticipation of the growing population. There is very little evidence to support these claims and study after study has proven just the opposite. GM crops are not only unsafe to consume, but their growing practices are harmful to the environment, and multinational corporations are putting farmers out of business.
A major question that has been asked ever since the creation of AA, people have questioned Bill Wilson’s theory on Alcoholism; whether it’s a disease or a spiritual problem. In addition to the question of the origins of alcoholism another question is if the “Big Book” and 12 step program about alcohol or about finding God. This paper is about Alcoholics Anonymous and how the organization treats alcoholism as a disease that it impossible to cure unless the individual finds God. I believe that AA operates in a fashion similar to that of a cult because of what the book teaches and the message that AA members are instructed to carry out.
Both men immediately set to work with alcoholics at Akron’s City Hospital, where one patient quickly achieved complete sobriety (Pitman 69). In the fall of 1935, a second group of alcoholics slowly took shape in New York. A third appeared at Cleveland in 1939. It had taken over four years to produce 100 sober alcoholics in the three founding groups. That same year, the Fellowship published it’s basic textbook, Alcoholics Anonymous. The text, written by Bill, explained A.A.’s philosophy and methods, the core of which was the now well-known Twelve Steps to Recovery (Pitman 75 & 76). The book was reinforced by case histories of around thirty recovered members. From this point on, A.A’s development was rapidly growing (Wekesser 36).
The Times (2014) Paul Kelso and Martin Beckford. ‘Hillsborough report reveals South Yorkshire Police made 'strenuous efforts' to deflect blame on to Liverpool fans’ [online]. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9538079/Hillsborough-report-reveals-South-Yorkshire-Police-made-strenuous-efforts-to-deflect-blame-on-to-Liverpool-fans.html (31st March 2014)
Alcohol is the most widely used substance all over the world. The use of this substance affect the person health and economy. It is also affecting the family, community and the country (“National Institute on Drug Abuse,” 2016). Most people are facing this problem, but they could not get rid of it alone. Drinking addicted people need someone who has the same problem, and decided to quit drinking alcohol, therefore Alcoholics Anonymous is standing for them to help such type of people and bring their normal life. Alcoholic Anonymous subculture helps the families, the community and the country, because mostly excessive alcohol drinking leads to the crime, and it is affecting the person life “40% of all violent crimes today by the case of an excessive drinking (“National Institute on Drug Abuse,” 2016). Most crimes are alcohol related according to the National Council on Alcoholism, 37% of almost 2 million convicted offenders currently in Jail, report that they were drinking the time of their arrest (“Alcohol, Drugs and Crime,2016). Most people easily addicted with alcohol especially young people, because they can get it easily around. This drinking problem leads the people to the crime and shade their future life. Some people decide to stop drinking, and they go to the Alcoholic Anonymous to their alcohol addiction treatment. As long as the person gets ready to follow the program and promise to change his or her practices, they will bring their life back. For a few people AA might not
[T]he competition between stories gives high priority to timeliness in courtrooms storytelling. The most believable story, by definition, will tally with what competing lawyers are always searing for: a contemporary understanding. (86)
November 6, 2013: “Voters Reject Labels for Genetically Engineered Food in Washington State Today” - The New York Times. June 4, 2013: “Monsanto Sued Over Genetically Modified Wheat” - USA Today. November 4, 2013: “Washington Voters Weigh The Ethics of Genetically Modified Foods” - The Washington Post.
An advantage to genetically modified crops is a higher crop yield; this means the crop will produce more crops compared to a crop that isn’t modified. A significant portion of genetically modified crops have being growing in developed countries. In the last couple of years there has been a steady increase in the amount of ...
“Witness for the Prosecution” superbly demonstrated a realist view of the operating procedures in a courtroom. The actors within the courtroom were easy to identify, and the steps transitioned smoothly from the arrest to the reading of the verdict. The murder trial of Leonard Vole provided realistic insight into how laws on the books are used in courtroom proceedings. With the inferior elements noted, the superior element of the court system in “Witness for the Prosecution” was the use of the adversary system. Both sides of the adversary system were flawlessly protrayed when the prosecution and defense squared off in the courtroom.
All and all, in the early twenty century, alcoholism permeated society and become a problem. Despite the fact that Alcoholics Anonymous members were increasing alcoholism was still a mystery, and no one could fully understand its effect on people’s lives much less talked about it in a public forum. At this point, the Christian Evangelical movement, under the leadership of Frank ND Buchman, founded Alcoholic Anonymous. Another crucial person in the organization’s history was Bill Wilson who discover the power of anonymity as a key concept of the group expansion and growth of its memberships, and made its membership open for every one independently of what was their faith beliefs by referring to a supreme being as High Power or others might called God.
The architecture of the courtroom establishes clear power disparities within the courtroom setting. The physical dimensions of Courtroom 5.1 were organised in such a way that the hierarchal nature of the court is visually clear from the moment you step into the room. The stratification of power amongst the courtroom actors is displayed through the ‘structural elevation’ of the seating (Carlen, 1976, pp. 50). The magistrate is seated at the uppermost level at the bench facing the defendant, solicitors and public gallery. This particular positioning demonstrates pre-eminence which allows com...
Critically discuss the extent to which Fayol's classical analysis of the management function has largely been made redundant by the more recent empirical studies of what managers actually do, such as that favoured by Mintzberg.
From these properties of bonds we will see that there are two fundamental types of bonds--covalent and ionic. Covalent bonding represents a situation of about equal sharing of the electrons between nuclei in the bond. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms of approximately equal electronegativity. Because each atom has near equal pull for the electrons in the bond, the electrons are not completely transferred from one atom to another. When the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a bond is large, the more electronegative atom can strip an electron off of the less electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb's Law.
Zanko, M & Dawson, P 2012, ‘Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review’, International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 14, no. 3, p 328-344, viewed 2 April 2014, http://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/2832/.