Every year more and more people around the world are choosing to have cosmetic surgery. It seems to be an easy fix to problems that people perceive, even if the problems are natural, like breast size. In a sociological study done in the UK, the author found that “[T]o have breast implants requires a major medical procedure, but they are sold as a fashion accessory and the procedure is framed as a beauty treatment rather than an operation by those who sell it” (Taylor). While many cosmetic surgeries are fairly simple procedures, there is very little benefit to outweigh the extreme risks, and many doctors are more interested in making money than fully explaining all of the risks to their patients. Many patients would be better helped by referring them to a psychologist to help with body image issues they may have. In elective cosmetic surgery there are medical risks involved, such as the risks involved in anesthesia and the risk of infection. There is also the monetary risk of never being able to pay off the cost of the surgery. All of these risks need to be made clear to the patient before the doctor allows them to undergo cosmetic surgery.
There is risk associated with any sort of medical treatment, but one of the main risks when undergoing surgery is a complication from the anesthetic. The simplest of cosmetic procedures only require local anesthesia, where just a small part of their body is numbed. This is the least dangerous type of anesthesia, and allergic reaction is the most severe complication and is extremely rare. Larger operations, such as liposuction or other abdominal surgeries, require the patient to be under general anesthesia. In general anesthesia, the patient is completely unaware of their surroundings, and t...
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Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a common anesthesia-related complication with reported prevalence ranging from 50% to 90%.(ref 3,4 of 4) The clinical consequences of perioperative hypothermia include tripling the risk of morbid myocardial outcomes and surgical wound infections, increased blood loss and transfusion requirements, and prolonged recovery and hospitalization.(ref 5)
Prior to intubation for a surgical procedure, the anesthesiologist administered a single dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, to a 23-year-old female to provide muscular relaxation during surgery and to facilitate the insertion of the endotracheal tube. Following this, the inhalation anesthetic was administered and the surgical procedure completed.
Anesthesia, “We take it for granted that we can sleep through operations without feeling any pain. But until about 150 years ago, the operating room was a virtual torture chamber because surgeons had no way to prevent the pain caused by their healing knives.”
John B. Pollard, Ann L. Zboray, Richard I Mazze. The International Anesthesia Research Society. (1996).
In today society, beauty in a woman seems to be the measured of her size, or the structure of her nose and lips. Plastic surgery has become a popular procedure for people, mostly for women, to fit in social class, race, or beauty. Most women are insecure about their body or face, wondering if they are perfect enough for the society to call the beautiful; this is when cosmetic surgery comes in. To fix what “needed” to be fixed. To begin with, there is no point in cutting your face or your body to add or remove something most people call ugly. “The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery” explored the desire of human to become beyond perfection by the undergoing plastic surgery. The author, Camille Pagalia, took a look how now days how Americans are so obsessed
Just about every cosmetic surgery has been advertised on television, billboards, and, arbitrarily, by the celebrities who elect to go under the blade. Although these are in fact surgeries that can potentially be dangerous, most of them are not emergent, or illness-based, surgeries; these people undergoing plastic surgery want to do so at their own risk and pay thousands of dollars to get these procedures. The improving self-image based reason for plastic surgery, unintentially, gives plastic surgeons a negative, superficial connotation and puts these patients getting surgery in unnecessary danger. One procedure in particular caught my attention: liposuction. This surgery is considered a norm in cosmetic surgeries done, but has many complications that are overlooked for the satisfaction that the procedure brings.
Although the comorbidities and type of surgery dictate certain decisions in managing patient care, anesthesiologists maintain various modalities for the perioperative period. These consist of anything from local to regional anesthesia, including neuraxial techniques and peripheral nerve blocks, as well as monitored anesthesia care with sedation to general anesthesia. Overlapping of different anesthetic types and combinations of regional analgesics to supplement general anesthesia occur frequently.
...cosmetic surgery has been created to bring back the features to its original condition there are still those who avail of it to recreate themselves. Cosmetic surgery has an intention of restoration and to achieve a normal look for those who are unfortunate to be born disfigured. There are good benefits such as an increase in beauty, self-esteem, confidence and monetary benefits. Aside from this, there are negative consequences such as a chance of a failing operation, scars and a risk of complications arising. In addition, a person who is an addict may choose to undergo cosmetic surgery even if it is not needed and even if there is a great risk. Perhaps something can be done to regulate the accessibility of undergoing cosmetic surgery to reduce complications. The explanations may be different but getting under the knife be should not be a tool to recreate one’s self.
Individuals need to understand the use of anesthesia always comes with risks. In most cases, however, it's safe when administered by someone with the proper training. Certain individuals, such as those with obstructive sleep apnea or ones who are obese, need to speak to their physician before being sedated, as their risk of complications is higher.
2) “It’s difficult to determine who provides anesthesia care in the studies and the number of cases that actually involved a physician anesthesiologist (p. 11)” the ASA is claiming that the data collected and used in this review, are difficult to determine who did what and when. In other words it is unclear as to who was performing and providing care in these studies and very well could be, the care provided by an anesthesiologist. They say also that the data provided and used by the study has limiting factors to determine whether an anesthesiologist was available as needed, for rescue or advice by a patient being treated by a nurse anesthetist if they were to experience complications under the
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. Professional Aspects of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1994. Print.
Thatcher, V.S. (1953) History of Anesthesia, With Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.
One of the leading reasons as to why cosmetic surgery should be banned is because of some serious, and neglected, risks that patients may encounter when put under the knife. To be more precise, a procedure that one may see to be harmless and basic may carry out just as many negative affects as a serious one. In “Clinical Risk,” Mercer (2009) states, "All cosmetic treatments are medical interventions, and every medical intervention has a complication and failure rate”. The paraffin being injected in the faces of people who get Botox done, for instance, may overtime spread into unwanted places that would cause the sagging of the face, contrary to the whole purpose of this procedure. Sometimes the negative effects are not seen immediately, but over the course of life become more apparent. When one has a more serious surgery the risks obviously boost drastically. A vast amount of blood loss is also a major threat in such operations. One may simply die of excessive bleeding even after the surgery is done, meaning that you are not only in danger when under the knife, but even when you are finished from the procedure (whether it be a success or not). Moreover, statistics prove that most people that even though a high number of people get surgery done, a higher percentage get a second one of those same surgical operations done later on due to not being satisfied with the results the first time around. It is this factor that aids and results in the unhealthy obsession.
Anesthesia is used in almost every single surgery. It is a numbing medicine that numbs the nerves and makes the body go unconscious. You can’t feel anything or move while under the sedative and are often delusional after being taken off of the anesthetic. Believe it or not, about roughly two hundred years ago doctors didn’t use anesthesia during surgery. It was rarely ever practiced. Patients could feel everything and were physically held down while being operated on. 2It wasn’t until 1846 that a dentist first used an anesthetic on a patient going into surgery and the practice spread and became popular (Anesthesia). To this day, advancements are still being made in anesthesiology. 7The more scientists learn about molecules and anesthetic side effects, the better ability to design agents that are more targeted, more effective and safer, with fewer side effects for the patients (Anesthesia). Technological advancements will make it easier to read vital life signs in a person and help better decide the specific dosages a person needs.
Wolgemuth, L. (2011). People Have Cosmetic Surgery to Make More Money. In R. Espejo (Ed.), Opposing Viewpoints. Cosmetic Surgery. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from Opposing Viewpoints in Context database.