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key ethical theories
natural law theory essay
key ethical theories
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I have been given the opportunity to take an ethical controversy and explore how six different ethic theories would apply to the situation. The ethical dilemma is such, “Investment brokers sometimes have a few clients who live hundreds of miles from their offices. For example, a Wall Street broker may provide investment counseling for his hometown relatives in upstate New York. By arranging to see them during his vacation visits home, he can claim his plane fare or car rental fees and perhaps even many of his meals as business expenses. In other words, he can deduct them on his tax return or, if he is employed by a company, claim them on his expense account”. In this essay, I will discuss Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Natural Law Theory, …show more content…
It is idea that we should do what makes the most amounts of people happy. In this, the consequences and benefits, short and long term, must both be considered and how they affect each person. This theory allows for personal gain or loss to be considered but it should not have more weight in the decision. Utilitarianism in the dilemma of the investment broker would say for that it is ethical for the broker to conduct business while on vacation as it would make him and the client happy but, the firm would be unhappy. The broker is on vacation while spending time with clients and having expenses paid for. The client is seeing the broker face to face as opposed to seeing talking through emails or phone conversations. The business is unhappy because the broker is using his vacation time to work with clients. The majority though are receiving a benefit, so according to Utilitarianism, working on vacation and submitting expenses is …show more content…
In this theory, there are three beliefs that stem for it: moral law is known by human reason, applies to all people, and is built off of human nature. In the Natural Law Theory, our actions should be what are going to help grow a person’s life as opposed to what could harm it. In other words, our actions should be not affect a person in a negative way. There is also a principle of double effect. This means that actions may be morally right even if the law says it is wrong, illegal. In the matter of the dilemma, the broker should not conduct his business while on vacation because it would be wrong according to the Natural Law Theory the broker is lying to the firm and using their funds to cover the cost of his vacation. The harm is that he is cheating the company out of money for his own personal
By looking further into this dilemma using various ethical standpoints allows for a broad understanding of principles and complexity in a specific situation with these paradigms. The focuses are three prominent ethical paradigms such as: teleological utilitarianism, deontological duty theories and virtue based ethics. Each of these three paradigms will be applied to the aforementioned dilemma, each will be evaluated and the best option will be revealed.
In the case of the Inquiring Murderer, a woman runs past you and hides in some bushes. When you ask her what is going on, she tells you that someone chasing her is attempting to kill her, and asks you to leave. Soon after, a man armed with a knife asks you if you have seen the woman. Most people would have no issue lying to the man about the woman’s whereabouts. If you tell him where she is, he will almost certainly kill her. This way of thinking produces the greatest good, a consequentialist theory. However, one deontological approach to this situation would hold that lying, regardless of the circumstances, is unethical and an absolute moral law that cannot be violated. This idea of Kantian Ethics, along with Prima Facie Duties and Rights-Based
Many ethical dilemmas are philosophical in nature, an ethical issue can be described as a problem with no clear resolution. In order to solve the issue or dilemma a consensus between the parties involved must be reached. There are several reasons to come to an agreement over an ethical dilemma, it is the basis for all aspects of personal and professional dealings. Each one of us is part of a civilized society and as such it is our responsibility to be rational, honest and loyal in our dealings with others. (Alakavuklar, 2012) states that individuals make decisions for different situations in business life involving various ethical dilemmas. Each time either consciously or unconsciously individuals may follow some ethical approaches
In Written Assignment #1, I will be talking discussing Situation #1 about Frank Van Den Bleeken. I will be comparing it to Kantian Ethics and Ethical Egoism.
1. What are the ethical issues and concerns raised? Sort them by Kantian and Utilitarian perspectives. State the defining characteristics of each theory and briefly apply to the concerns you noted.
As assistant director, I would look at all sides of the situation. I would ask the client if she feels ready to be released from the facility and enter society. I would keep in mind the utilitarian approach to inquire about the impact she will have in her community and how her community will be affected upon her release. As assistant director, I need to make sure the client receives the treatment she needs and is release upon completion of the goals of the rehab program. Although, her parents are concerned, that does not outweigh the client’s autonomy to make decisions for herself as well as my decisions in her release. As Kant stressed in his teachings, patients should be respected and have the autonomy to make a decision. Moreover, I would
Normative ethics is all about deliberating what is right and wrong. If there was one clear path, then no one would argue what should be done in situations where what is right or wrong is unclear. To some philosophers, a right can outweigh a wrong. For others, a wrong is always wrong, no matter what. In the following situation, most people in this moral dilemma are irresolute on their course of action:
People face ethical choices every day, and there are several different approaches towards reaching a decision. A professor is tasked with making a decision as to whether he should report a high-achieving student, Charlie, for plagiarizing an article. The professor must use reasoning and ethics. One of the most famous form of ethics is Kantian ethics, which is a form of deontology, or duty-based ethics. The professor can use Kantian ethics to make his decision, or he can take into account the context of the situation to further asses as I would do.
Ethics in business is a highly important concept, as it can affect a company’s profits, salaries paid to employees and CEOs, and public opinion, among many other aspects of a business. Ethics can be enforced by company policies and guidelines, set a precedent when a company is faced with an important decision, and are also evolving thanks to new technology and situations that arise due to technology usage. Businesses have a duty to maintain their ethical responsibilities and also to help their employees enforce these responsibilities in and out of the workplace. However, ethics and the foundation for them are not always black and white. There are many different ethical theories, however Utilitarianism, Kant’s Deontological ethics, and Virtue ethics are three of the most well known theories in existence. Each theory is distinct in that it has a different quality used to determine ethicality and allows for a person to choose which system of ethics works best with both the situation and his or her personal ethical preferences.
Both Kantian and virtue ethicists have differing views about what it takes to be a good person. Kantian ethicists believe that being a good person is strictly a matter of them having a “good will.” On the other hand, virtue ethicists believe that being a good person is a matter of having a good character, or being naturally inclined to do the right thing. Both sides provide valid arguments as to what is the most important when it comes to determining what a person good. My purpose in writing this paper is to distinguish between Kantian ethics and virtue ethics, and to then, show which theory is most accurate.
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.
James Liang is one of the Volkswagen engineers who helped to deceive the United States government as to the emissions produced by Volkswagen’s diesel engines. The Volkswagen team built the diesel engines in 2006, but failed to meet the American emissions standards. Instead of delaying their launch in America or redesigning the engines, the engineers chose to include software that recognized emissions testing and changed the settings of the engine to meet the standards during tests. When not being tested, these engines produced up to 40 times the allowed emissions. Liang has been condemned for his actions, but to understand what makes such actions ethical or otherwise, one must apply an ethical theory to them; in this case, Kantian ethics and
Immanuel Kant the founder of the "Categorical Imperative" (CI) argues that morality is based on standards of rationality. Therefore, to act in disaccord with the CI is to act irrationally or immorally. In comparison to Christianity, to act immorally is to act in disagreement with God's laws. Kant's CI is formulated into three different ways, which include: The Universal Law Formulation, The Humanity or End in Itself Formulation, and The Kingdom of Ends Formulation (Stanford) . The first to formulas combine to create the final formulation. Christianity closely relates to each formula, except for the final formulation. Christianity provides context where following the CI will not result in moral behavior. There are two factors missing from Kant's CI: faith and God's judgement.
Ethical theories are a way of finding solutions to ethical dilemmas using moral reasoning or moral character. The overall classification of ethical theories involves finding a resolution to ethical problems that are not necessarily answered by laws or principles already in place but that achieve justice and allow for individual rights. There are many different ethical theories and each takes a different approach as to the process in which they find a resolution. Ethical actions are those that increase prosperity, but ethics in business is not only focused on actions, it can also involve consequences of actions and a person’s own moral character.
Normative ethical theory is the study of “What constitutes an acceptable ethical standard for business practice, and by what authority is the standard acceptable?” (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013, p. 17) Utilitarian, Kantian, and Virtue theories will be compared against Ms. Stewart’s actions in the ImClone