The Monster study is speech impediment experiment that was done on the children that lived in the orphanage. This experiment was conducted to find out if stuttering was inherited or did environment play a key factor. Wendell Johnson was the speech pathologist that conducted this study to find the cause and cure for stuttering. This study violated a lot of ethical issues because the children were psychological harm, informed consent was not given and the subjects were deceived. Wendell Johnson had a biased opinion in this study because he was a stutter himself and was desperate for a cure. In this paper, I will discuss the background of this experiment and the violations of ethics that were done in this study.
The Monster study began on Jan. 1939, in Davenport, IA at the University of Iowa. The participates of this study were orphanages whose parents died in the civil war and their mothers could no longer take care them, so they were left in an orphanage. Johnson got permission from the University of Iowa to conduct his research at this orphanage. When conducting his research, Johnson decide to recruit one of his students to help with the experiment by the name of Mary Tudor. Mary Tudor was avid but timorous student that was willing to get involved in the research. In 2003, Reynolds stated that Tudor’s responsibility in the study was to tell non stuttering students that they stutter and to tell the one’s that did stutter that they have perfect fluency. Her experiment begins with 22 subjects, none of the subjects were told of this study. They were also told that they will receive speech therapy.
In 2003, Reynolds stated that Tudor’s experiment, she had to induce healthy children into stammering: she also told stammering children...
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...hese children were unfairly target for this research because they were institutionalized I believe that Johnson studied was to biased because he was so determine to find a cure that will help him in the long run instead of reviewing the facts. In reality, stuttering can caused by different things such as environmental, biological factor, or genetic. In Johnson, case he already had hypothesis in mind and he was too determine to prove his hypothesis instead of reviewing the facts.
Works Cited
References
Callahan,T.(1998).Research ethics.Ethics in Medicine. University of Washington School of Medicine. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/resrch.html
Reynolds, G.(2003). The stuttering doctor’s ‘monster study’. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.freewebs.com/pattecbhs/Articles/Stuttering%20Monster%20Study.pdf
The brutal behavior that causes people to suffer or feel pain mentally or physically is known as cruelty. It is actions that people, real or fictional, experience, and these actions usually come from the one’s they love. Cruelty can either be unintentional or on purpose, and both forms negatively affect the person or object receiving the action. Throughout the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, acts of cruelty, such as when Victor leaves the monster, are driving forces that causes characters to realize their mistakes, ultimately causing their own destruction. Victor’s cruel abandonment of the monster once he awakens causes the monster to feel lonely and isolated which affects his feelings towards humans and life in general in the novel.
In fact of the experiment there should've never been damage against the orphan children. Even though Wendell Johnson surperviced the research of Mary Tudor. Her experiment was getting complicated she wasn't sure if it was going to work. Numerous kids who received the negative therapy probably suffered psychological effects. Some of the kids retained a problem on there speech due to the pressure they had of speaking right without stuttering. They were doubted to many times that It was difficult for them to speak even though they spoke freely before the experiment. Due to the expectations of Tudor, Potter was afraid to speak since she couldn't pronounce the next word correctly so she would snap her finger due to frustration. They would fell off
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1. What is the title of your article and the primary issue in this article?
Saltuklaroglu, T., & Kalinowski, J. (2005). How effective is therapy for childhood stuttering? Dissecting and reinterpreting the evidence in light of spontaneous recovery rates. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 40(3), 359-374. doi:10.1080/13682820400027735
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