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The role of women in literature
Depiction of women in literature
Depiction of women in literature
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A woman being stripped of all rights and power besides the hope of attracting men seems almost inconceivable in modern days, but Jane Austen’s period beholds women as mere objects of desire with their success relying on beauty and docility. A lack of these qualities leaves them spouseless and thus, in their patriarchal society, powerless. Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen exemplifies this degrading society of women who display scarcely any power, intelligence or ambition and who are judged solely on the qualities that make them worthy of marriage. However, Austen introduces a character that differs in her way of thinking and utilizes strength and power as a means of progression rather than sex appeal and ignorant compliance. Catherine embodies feminism with her unwillingness to conform to society’s standards of females and in her eagerness to speak her mind and pursue her desires.
As there are many variations within the definition of feminism, I will begin by laying out the definition of feminism that applies to Catherine Morland. Merriam-Webster defines feminism as being “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities”. A feminist woman is one who defies the social norms of reliance on men for advancement and instead claims power over her own life. A feminist woman will recognize her desires and refuse to depend on a man for their fulfillment. In like manner, Catherine Morland differs from her female peers in her tendencies to assume society designated male qualities. She acts with intelligence, self-confidence and ambition, a stark contrast to the docile, compliant females of her community.
Although Catherine develops favorably from her boyish adolescence, she never achieves stunning beauty, but rath...
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... also as a female she’s defying her culture in being the one to select the partner. Although the general realizes later that his notions on the Morland family were false, Catherine still carries the satisfaction of singlehandedly realizing the desires that so blatantly oppose societal norms.
Catherine portrays feminism as she disengages herself from the socially accepted image of women and refuses to be dominated by the male race. She differs from the female characters of this novel in her tendencies to push the boundaries of her gender by expressing herself and pursuing that which she desires without dependence on men. She refuses to be suppressed by the males in her society and treats them as equals. Catherine is a woman far too advanced for her times, but where would modern society be without the free thinkers of the past?
Works Cited
Northanger Abbey
Margaret Hale in Elizabeth Gaskell’s novel North and South exemplifies the new type of woman a mid-nineteenth century woman should emulate. The contemporary woman is capable of balancing being a dutiful, generous, just woman while also satisfying her own passion, intellect, and moral activity. England needs women that can manifest their innate ability to sympathize with a capacity to change and adapt. The progressive world will require the modern woman to redefine the norms of social life.
As the story progresses Jane is slowly but surely transforming into a new woman. From the beginning, Jane has always possessed a sense of her dignity. Jane integrity is constantly tested over the progression of the novel, and Jane must learn to balance the repeated conflicting parts of her in order to find contentment. During this era in England, women are viewed differently than they are today. In the 19th century women in England were expected to maintain a certain image or act in a certain manner which is referred to as the traditional woman who accepts her role in society. Men are the dominant ones in the society. Although women are expected to be a traditional woman, not all of them follow play the part. This is a woman who does not live by the standards of the society. A new woman does not sit back and do as she is told; she makes her own rules and determines her own success. These are all characteristics that Jane starts to gain.
Jane Austen completes her story with a “Cinderella ending” of Catherine and Henry marrying. However, her novel is more than a fairytale ending. Although often wrong and misguided in their judgments, she shows the supremacy of males that permeated throughout her society. Jane Austen takes us from a portrayal of men as rude, self-centered, and opinionate to uncaring, demanding, and lying to downright ruthless, hurtful, and evil. John Thorpe’s and General Tilney’s total disregard for others feelings and their villainous ways prove Austen’s point. Whether reading Northanger Abbey for the happy ending or the moral lesson, this novel has much to offer.
Gloria Steinem, a journalist and activist, identifies the purpose of a feminist who “is anyone who recognizes the equality and full humanity of women and men.” In other words, feminism is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. Discrimination against women has been going on for decades. Donald Hall’s Literary and Cultural Theory explains that the “Key to feminist analysis is recognition of the different degrees of social power…” (199). Meaning that depending on the social power, women can be treated differently. Nevertheless, women in society are like cows; they are branded in a way where they are seen as property owned by men. Women are labeled as “weak and sensitive” but when they stand up for their rights and make a decision; they are seen as crazy human beings whose expressed thoughts are misunderstood as nonsense. There are women from past history or even our modern world today that made a change to earn their respect and obtain their rights as women. For example, Mary Wollstonecraft; who supported the feminist movement through the struggle for female suffrage. In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and “The Story of an Hour.” Including Charlotte Perkins Gilman “The Yellow Wallpaper” we are introduced to three female characters who have realized how much their world has been controlled by their own husbands. It alludes to them as “beginning to realize [their] position in the universe as a human being and to recognize [their] relations as an individual to the world within and about [them]” (Chopin15). These protagonists made changes to show society that women should earn recognition not for what they are believed to b...
To understand feminism in the novel, one must first understand the feminist lens itself. OWL Purdue describes the lens as “the ways in which literature (and other cultural productions) reinforce or undermine the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women” (Purdue). Feminism acts as both a commitment and a political movement that wants to end sexism in all forms. Most feminists generally disagree on many topics of the subject, however all have one common goal. These aspects affect The Things They Carry in a plethora of ways, mostly due to the fact that gender roles is a main theme. There are negative and positive aspects of the feminist lens. Positive contains the empowering of women and equality, whereas negative pertains to oppression and unequal rights. Both are covered in The Things They Carried from sex symbols to battle tor...
Feminism as an ideology has only really taken force since the late 18th century. (Fraser: 2014) In Mary Wollstonecra...
Women were perceived as either being a housewife, a nurturer, or a person for company. They did not have the right to vote till later on, work, and if they had an opinion that a male do not agree with, women are considered “wicked”; not savvy, not prudent but wicked to the core. It is unfair, unethical, atrocious, but through it all there was one female who dared to challenge the mind of men and the notion that women can be more than what men perceive them as being. Her name is Margaret Fuller. The goals of Margaret Fuller were precise. Men should realize that women are not an epitome of a statue but human beings, just as men, women can achieve full adulthood and citizenship, but most vitally Margaret aimed to change the assumptions about
Women and men fear the thought of an empowered woman and the thought of feminism. Women fear that will be punished by men if they stand against them and fear that being a feminist will make them cruel and lonely. Men fear that women will one day rise and surpass them. But it is with these women that great change can come. Being a feminist does not require a person to hate men nor does it isolate a person from the rest of the world. In both texts we witnessed that there are people who reinforce conventional views of gender roles and those who challenge them. The life is a feminist is challenging but much more rewarding at the same time.
In Northanger Abbey, Austen intended to reflect a contrast between a normal, healthy-natured girl and the romantic heroines of fiction thorough the use of characterization. By portraying the main character, Catherine Moorland, as a girl slightly affected with romantic notions, Jane Austen exhibits the co...
Jane Austen wrote Northanger Abbey as a satire and when the reader turns every page, it is clear that Jane Austen was making fun of the society she was living in. It’s the satire of the Gothic novel that was surrounding her at the time. What Northanger Abbey does so well in terms of satire is subvert the system of Western patriarchy by the gothic genre and questions the structure of women and nature. Like many of the tales in England of the heroine, Northanger Abbey tells the story of the daughter, who heroic acts are modesty and submission. This essay will focus on what gothic heroine meant at the time, while analyzing why Jane Austen was making fun of the meaning.
Feminism is the public support for or recommendation of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. In a more simple way of stating it, women rights equivalent to those of men. Before suffrage begun, women were strictly to act as women should, or what they were expected to act like. They were expected to take care of the children, cook, and clean. Not only were they supposed to do house work, but they also couldn’t vote or own any property. On August 26th, 1920, after 72 long-lasting years of fighting, and prolonged anticipation, women finally won their rights to be treated equally. There have been, and still are, many feminists in this world. One very prominent feminist is Crystal Eastman.
Catherine is very pleased to meet Isabella after being disappointed in not seeing Mr Tilney again. The narrator informs the reader that Catherine is fortunate in finding a friend as ‘Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love.’ (p.18 NA). Isabella being the elder of the two has much more knowledge of fashionable society than Catherine and is, therefore, able to teach her a great deal about the expectations of society at that time.
In the ordered English town of Highbury in Jane Austen’s Emma, people live a well constructed life, which shapes the views of social classes in their world. Despite the fact that Emma is a nineteenth-century novel, it represents a time when women depended on economic support from men. This method is observed through the main character Emma, who spends a great deal of her time agonizing about wealth and potential power. In the novel, readers are introduced to Emma as a young prosperous woman who manages her father’s house. Since she is younger than her two sisters, she is introduced to various female characters, which influence her social development and exemplify a range of gender roles available to her. In Emma’s household women are superior to men, as her father demonstrates feminine tendencies and the women are portrayed as masculine. This could be the reason Emma prides herself in being an advocate of structuring prosperous relationships within her community. When Emma considers prosperous relationship, she begins by categories people by their power and beauty. In Emma’s mind, power and beauty is the ideal combination to developing a perfect society. In Jane Austen‘s Emma, the main character Emma uses her obsession with beauty and power to create her own utopia. Emma’s utopia reconfigures the social system so that hierarchy is defined by looks and character instead of birthrights. However, when Emma’s attempt to create her own utopia fails, Austen challenges readers to accept the existing order and structure of the early nineteenth century English society.
In the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries, the idea of patriarchy ruled the many societies all over the world. Particularly in Britain, its “overarching patriarchal model” (Marsh) had “reserved power and privilege for men” (Marsh). Also during this time period feminist literature began to arise and was invaded by, “the complex social, ethical, and economic roots of sexual politics… as testimony to gender bias and the double standard” (“Sexual Politics and Feminist Literature”). In Jane Austen’s writing, readers have been aware of her constant themes of female independence and gender equality. However, many have criticized the author for the fact that many of her “individualistic” female characters have ended up
During this time period women did not maintain careers like women today do, it was especially rare for a women to even obtain much education. Often times if a women had an education it made others think of her as less of a woman. Margret Walter’s gives us an example of this in her book, Feminism: A Very Short Introduction, when she states that when, “Working with the scholar Roger Ascham, Elizabeth [the Queen of England] b...