Thermal energy storage system aims to reduce the peak load by shifting the peak load to non-peak hours. The results will be reduced pollutants in air as lower amounts of fuel would be burned, and a reduced need to build of new power plants which means saving high amounts of money. In this report the progress made in the design of a multi stage thermal storage energy system is presented. A Currently the system simulation for the single and multi-stage has been carried out and the expected P-H diagrams have been obtained. From the simulation it was noted that the COP of the system will increase with the increase of the sub cooling temperature and evaporator temperature. It was also noted that the COP of the system will decrease with the increase of evaporator pressure, condenser temperature and compression ratio. The COP of the different arrangements were determined with and without considering pressure losses, heat losses and isentropic efficiency. Moreover, the report shows the parts of the TES system and explains their functions and assembly. The system testing was carried out and it was discovered that one of the condensers is malfunctioning and needs to be replaced and because of that so far no results have been obtained. Finally, the report outlines the steps to be followed in the following stages of the project
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background
Thermal Energy Storage is a technology to store the thermal energy which can be utilized at a later time. The reasons for using such a system is to balance the energy production and energy demand [1]. The types of thermal storage system for cooling applications are the latent heat thermal storage and the sensible heat thermal storage.[2].
Benefits from TES
The thermal energ...
... middle of paper ...
...d the storage process in which the formed iced clathrate is stored for later usage. After the storage process the discharging process is carried out by running water in pipes through the direct evaporator which will reduce the temperature of water and it then can be used for cooling.
The project also aims to test both the multi stage and single stage refrigeration cycles for the charging process to determine which one is considered to be optimum for a TES system. Furthermore, different types of refrigerants will be used to run the charging process to determine the difference in operation parameter for each refrigerant and to ultimately reach the optimum refrigerant for such system. Moreover, additives such as alcohol and salt will be added to clatherate to investigate the effect of additives on the system performance and the charging process.
Works Cited
syudent
Different refrigeration cycles exist including the gas cycle, the vapour-absorption cycle, and the vapour-compression cycle. The gas cycle uses a refrigerant, often air, which does not change state, but instead remains as a gas throughout the entire cycle. The vapour-absorption cycle, which preceded the vapour-compression cycle, is a heat operated cycle. It requires little electricity, but a lot of heat energy, and is usually only used where waste heat is plentiful (Ameen, 2006). The vapour-compression cycle is favoured over all others in both domestic and industrial installations as it is the most efficient system available. It works by pumping a refrigerant, which chang...
The membrane contactors can be used in different components of the absorption refrigeration systems such as absorber, desorber, solution heat exchanger etc. In this section absorption refrigeration cycle configurations of the investigations reviewed in the present work are discussed. The principle of operation and the use of membrane contactors in the desorber of absorption refrigeration systems can alter the configuration of the cycle. However, the use of membrane contactors in the absorber has no significant effect on the configuration of the cycle. Ali and Schwerdt (2009 and 2010), Ali (2010a or 2010b or both), Yu et al. (2012) and Isfahani et al. (2013) or Isfahani and Moghaddam (2013) [To check] used the plates-and-frames membrane module absorber with the same configuration of the conventional single-effect water-LiBr absorption cycle as shown in Figure 1 (a). Schaal et al. (2008) and Chen et al. (2006) used the conventional configuration of the single-effect ammonia-water absorption refrigeration cycle using hollow fiber membrane module absorber as shown in Figure 1 (b). The no-conventional cycle configurations used in the investigations reviewed in this work are herein discussed.
Most of the chillers works on vapor compression refrigeration cycle this can be replaced by Solar vapor absorption chillers which might results in many advantages over vapor compression chillers such as reduction in overall electrical cost, low noise operation, reduce operation cost, low co2 emission .
Thermal power, wind, Hydel and solar energy are the main sources for generating electricity. With the passage of time, the consumption of electricity has increased proportionately with the increase in the world’s population. Due to decline in global economic situations, that includes inflation, unemployment, corruption and other contributing factors have made electricity expensive and unaffordable for the consumers of third world countries. The production cost and the supply cost have increased, and as a result many electricity generation projects stand pending. With the passage of time, conservation of energy has become a core issue for the world.
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it may only be converted from one form of energy and transferred from one mass to another. Through conduction, convection and radiation, heat is able to travel from one place to another. Convection often occurs in fluids where the fluid carries heat from one place to another. Conduction is the transfer of energy within a substance and does not require any movement of a substance. Radiation is the absorption or giving off of electromagnetic waves. Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from one object to another object of different temperatures.
Process cd : This liquid refrigerant is collected in the liquid storage tank and later on it is expanded to low pressure and temperature by passing it through the throttle valve. At point d we have low temperature liquid refrigerant with small amounts of vapour .
“It is heat carrying medium which absorb heat from space and reject heat to outside the refrigerator.”
Simple distillation is when a liquid is boiled and the vapor moves up through the column until it reaches the condenser and is cooled and re-liquefied.
Distillation is a process that separates two substances based on their boiling points. When the substances are heated in a flask, the substance with the lower boiling point will vaporize first, and therefore condense and turn into liquid first when cooled. The vapors of the substance travel through the 3 way adaptor and condense when they come into contact with the glass of the cool jack condenser, turning into a liquid and sliding down into the collection flask. The condenser is filled continuously with running water. This is used to cool down the vapors so the vapors will turn into liquid.
dwell on the factors that preclude the attainment of ideal-performance of the system. Analysis based on the combined first and second law of thermodynamics commonly known as availability analysis or exergy analysis is particularly suited for achieving more efficient resource use since it enables the locations, types and true magnitudes of waste and loss to be determined. This information is quite helpful for the design of thermal systems, for directing the efforts to reduce the sources of inefficiency in the existing systems and evaluate system economics. [1, 2 & 3].
A process uses a Moisture absorb material is also called desiccant. which is uncovered to the surrounding air to be cooled and dehumidifier. The humidity absorbing material is move to a different place where it is recharge by reheating air.
Energy storage battery compensates for power mismatches between the solar and wind output power, and the desired power. The energy is stored during the peak-production and low-usage hours such as during the day for solar.
As discussed in class, submission of your solutions to this exam will indicate that you have not communicated with others concerning this exam. You may use reference texts and other information at your disposal. Do all problems separately on clean white standard 8.5” X 11” photocopier paper (no notebook paper or scratch paper). Write on only one side of the paper (I don’t do double sided). Staple the entire solution set in the upper left hand corner (no binders or clips). Don’t turn in pages where you have scratched out or erased excessively, re-write the pages cleanly and neatly. All problems are equally weighted. Assume we are working with “normal” pressures and temperatures with ideal gases unless noted otherwise. Make sure you list all assumptions that you use (symmetry, isotropy, binomial expansion, etc.).
Heat energy is transferred through three ways- conduction, convection and radiation. All three are able to transfer heat from one place to another based off of different principles however, are all three are connected by the physics of heat. Let’s start with heat- what exactly is heat? We can understand heat by knowing that “heat is a thermal energy that flows from the warmer areas to the cooler areas, and the thermal energy is the total of all kinetic energies within a given system.” (Soffar, 2015) Now, we can explore the means to which heat is transferred and how each of them occurs. Heat is transferred through conduction at the molecular level and in simple terms, the transfers occurs through physical contact. In conduction, “the substance