I. Introduction
Phonetics is an approach of linguistics that comprises the study of sound in the human speech. Together, these fields focus on how sound are producing by human organs, how the brain perceives them. Specifically, one of the areas is concerning with producing sound, accessing and teaching different pronunciation and correcting form in sounds and words. Especially, it covers the errors in production by using second language learners – the adults- which is concerned of the researcher. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs in many adults, and sometime it is difficult to get rid of it. This research tackles adult whose are non native learners and how they do not obtain the full correct pronunciation even though they exposed of long time. In addition, the researcher is interested in writing this topic because there are similar studies that have been done in the field of English with another languages, but a few studies deals with Arabic language in interacting with another language. It deals with non native speaker pronunciation.
This paper consists of five parts. First, the introduction that is containing a general idea of this research area followed by questions, hypothesis, significance, and objectives of the study. Part two deals with the methodology and the investigation in the topic. Third, it presents a brief review of literature that related to the paper. In part four, the researcher addresses her ideas related to techniques of data collection and data analysis. Part five presents the conclusion which is followed by a list of work cited.
I.1. Question
The study raises several questions: what causes errors in adult l...
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...c which is a Semitic language. Although it is a Semitic language like Arabic, it’s written from left-to-right script. It has 34 basic symbols and has different levels of spelling conventions. At the basic level, words are written as they are spoken, with little care about consistent spelling. Some of the pronunciation for example, there are 3 basic symbols corresponding to the sound /h/. A word can have numerous different spellings and pronunciation". However, despite the two languages come from the same ancient roots, but there are differences in some letters sound. Though, the reason may be there are some letters in Arabic have no equivalent in Amharic or that there is more than one sound in Amharic character have one similar one sound in Arabic. This difference is the real reason behind the common mistakes in adult Amharic learners when they learn Arabic.
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
Spanish and English share a similar alphabet, with the Spanish sound system being more concise. Many differences are revealed when comparing the phonologies of the two languages. These differences will influence the speech of Spanish speakers learning English. Speakers may transfer their knowledge of Spanish to English. Understanding these differences is important to the speech-language pathologist in order to realize why some English sounds are more difficult for the Spanish speaker to produce than others (Gorman & Kester, 2001).
This research is intended to analyze the transcript of a child’s speech. The target child is a female named Majorie who is 2 years and 3 months old. The transcript is from The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. The linguistic aspects that will be examined are the phonological processes of the child including speech errors, syllable shapes, and her phonetic inventory consisting of manner and place of articulation. Included in the analysis will be her stage and development of lexical knowledge and what words she uses.
In the First Year Seminar (FYS) we learned a multitude of essential skills that we can use to apply for the rest of our college experience, and years down the road. Throughout the first week of class we learned about Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs), essentially they are skills that the students are suppose to know thoroughly by the end of the semester. The six major SLOs that were presented in a majority of FYS classes the first one is access to diverse information through focused research, active discussion and collaboration with peers, this skill is important for college and professional life because it is important that one is able to converse appropriately and knowledgably amongst peers. It is a great skill to have because it shows that a person can work well in a team. The second skill from the SLOs is the ability to separate facts from inferences and relevant from irrelevant information, and explain the limitations of information. This skill is essential to build upon because gaining problem-solving skills one can work through sticky situations. Problem solving skills are great for college and professional life because one can get through tough problems quickly and efficiently, without this skill time is wasted. The third skill from SLO’s is evaluating the credibility, accuracy, and reliability of conclusions drawn from information. This skill is valuable among college and professional life due to the fact that it allows a person to back up their arguments for papers with reliable sources that are credible and accurate that supports the information. Otherwise the argument doesn’t have any supporting evidence to continue their argument to get their point across, if not gained correctly the argument becomes irrelevant in the ...
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
Evaluation: We will make a scoring system, containing a scale from 0 to 5 (0 means bad pronunciation, 5 means good pronunciation). Before the treatment started, we had recorded the voice of mrs. K while reading a text. After treatment we are going to record her voice again and judge whether her pronunciation improved or not. We will also ask her family and to mrs. K herself. In this way, we consult the family and mrs. K which goal...
The article begins by defining phonemic awareness and gives examples which gave me a better grasp of the topic. Phonemic awareness gives a person the ability to hear the difference between sounds in words even when they sound similar such as the words “sat” and “sit”. Phonemic awareness is a division of the larg...
Researchers have provided different classifications of speech errors. They can be categorized according to the “linguistic units,” such as “phonological feature, phoneme, syllable, morpheme, word phrase, or sentence levels” (Harely, 2001, p. 376). Moreover, speech errors can be classified according to the “mechanisms” of the speech errors (Harely, 2001, p. 376). For example, Carroll (2007) classified eight of the basic types of slips of the tongue according to the error mechanism from the previous psycholinguistic studies. These errors include shift, exchanges, anticipations, perseveration, additions, deletions, substitutions, and blends.
The proper use of pronunciation is what helps a message be understood easily by other fluent English speakers. Often times, an ELL student can struggle with forming a word correctly and may cause a word to be pronounced as a different, but similarly sounding word. One example of how the pronunciation of a word can cause a message to be unclear a Spanish speaker pronouncing “kitchen” as “chicken”. These two words are very close in sound, but each word has a completely different meaning. A mother that asks a child to “please clean the kitchen” greatly differs from the mispronounced word that has changed the sentence to “please clean the chicken”. There are many speech therapy courses that are offered in schools that will improve a child’s ability to speak productively. In the oral language speech by ELL student Tania, the Spanish student faces challenges while pronouncing “stories about magic, vampires “. These impediments can be worked on and improved over time. The grading scale of pronunciation on a rubric can range from insufficient in the result of being virtually unintelligent; to excellent, being that it pleasantly uses intonation and pronunciation as accurately as a native speaker
These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
Consonants are described in accordance with three main parameters and any change in one of these parameters can result in a change of the sound and this leads to a change of the meaning of words. It is defined as the point where the airflow is obstructed and where a sound is produced (Ahmed, 2004: 17). The place of articulation (Makhraj) is defined as the point where the sound is produced (Al-Bisher, 2000: 180). There are many terms of the place of articulation as “MaKhraj”, initiator (Al-Mubda), the flow (Al-Majra) which is used by many classic Arab phoneticians. While the modern phoneticians use the terms” the place or point of articulation" and “the location of articulation” (Al- Joburi, 2004: 2-5).
This study is limited to study only one kind of speech acts, namely, the speech act of offering. The researcher will examine the different types and strategies used by the Jordanian Arabic spoken language only. Other Arabic dialects and languages are not investigated.
Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion.
All languages have vast variety of speech sound. Phonology have essentials terms in which each of them show the difference between how phonology is differ than phonetics as its not responsible for how to articulate. These phonological terms known as : phoneme , allophone, clear & dark l , syllabic l, minimal pairs , assimilation ,linking r , intrusive r, aspiration , consonant structure & syllable structure. A phoneme is a meaningful sound which shows the difference between two sounds which can change the meaning of word like : . Although allophones are the variation of same sound but they don’t change the meaning of it like < pin / spin >. However