NSAIDs may lead to toxic effects such as gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Symptoms of ulceration include dyspepsia, nausea/vomiting, abnormal pain or shortness of breath (Katzung, et.al., 2012). Methotrexate is considered as the gold standard in management of RA. However, it is associated with myelosuppression, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Symptoms of myelosuppression include photosensitivity, rash, nausea/vomitting and shortness of breath. A fall in blood counts can occur as a result of myelosuppression and this is most common in elderly, patients with renal impairment or patients taking anti-folate drugs. If a significant drop in blood count is observed, then methotrexate should be stopped immediately (ACR clinical guidelines committee 1996,Katzung, et.al., 2012). There are other toxic effects that occur as a result of methotrexate. These include blood disorders and are presented by sore throat, bruising, mouth ulcers. Moreover, liver toxicity can occur as a result of methotrexate and presented by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and dark...
... side effects such as analgesia, alteration in mood and drowsiness can occur. Fentanyl depresses the respiratory centres and the cough reflexes in addition to restricting the pupils. Analgesic blood concentration of fentanyl can cause nausea and vomiting due to stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone.5
Multiple studies have demonstrated the prophylactic effect of rectal declophenate (5-9) and rectal indomethacin (10, 11) or combined diclophenate and indomethacin (12), but no studies have evaluated the prophylactic effect of oral NSAIDs. On the other hand, Almeida et al demonstrated data on the ...
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
The most common sides effects associated with Metformin are gastrointestinal complaints; some of which are severe enough to cause patients to discontinue the medication. These include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and indigestion (Wilbur, 2013). Patients should see a decline in these side effects with continued use. Taking Metformin with food helps with these GI side effect...
The doctor should explain The adverse effects of the pill, such as Vomiting, Weight increase, Painful or puffy breasts, Small quantities of blood, or spotting, between periods, Lighter periods, Mood alterations, they are usually slight and serious adverse effects rare in most women but risk factors need to be shared out by the doctor.
Arthritis affects people of all age groups. More than 100 types of arthritis are known. Among these osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis having the highest incidence. One of the major causes of chronic debilitation in industrialized nations is Osteoarthritis which results from damage to the joints, which may be due to trauma, infection, or age-related wear. Rheumatoid arthritis is encountered less frequently than osteoarthritis and is estimated to affect around one per cent of the world’s population. Amongst patients of Rheumatoid arthritis, women are three times more likely to be affected by this condition than men. This condition is caused by an inflammatory process where the body starts attacking itself. Rheumatoid arthritis also affects several joints, with inflammation sometimes seen in and around the lungs, the heart, the eyes and the skin. The most commonly reported complaint by arthritis patients is pain. The pain might be from the joint itself and be a result of inflammation, damage from the disease, or through daily wear and tear. Muscle pain is also common and is caused by having to force movements against stiff and painful joints. Although range of movement in the affected joint may be limited and uncomfortable, physical exercise has been shown to benefit those with arthritis. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain in the long term and delay the need for surgery in advanced cases. The majority of arthritis cases occur among theelderly, however the disease can occur in children as well. Over 70% of the population that get affected by arthritis in North America are over the age of 65 (4). The disease occurs more commonly in females than males in all races, age groups, and ethn...
...platelet count. Depression, irritability, sleep disturbances, anxiety and personality changes have also been noted as adverse effects of this treatment. But the most significant side effect of ribavirin is hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia due to destruction of red blood cells. Other side effects with ribavirin include cough, and some shortness of breath. There also may be some rashes. There is also the risk of birth defects. In spite of these reported side effects, the virus can be completely eradicated in many cases following treatment.
As mentioned before, psoriatic arthritis has no cure. The only way to overcome it is by working against its effects on the body. Reducing inflammation, stiffness, and pain are the main ways of fighting with the disease. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils and any other food substances can perform the function effectively. It is unfortunate that there are no clear causes of the immunity turning against the joints. This makes it difficult to establish better ways of preventing the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, when you are infected with the disease, try reducing the damage using fish oils.
Some people alternate the use of other OTC such as Aspirin, which also has other dangerous effects , but hopefully will reduce acetaminophen toxicity.
Chemotherapy drugs are more dangerous than other drugs because of their narrow therapeutic index. What is therapeutic index you ask? It is the ratio between a toxic dose and a therapeutic dose of a drug so any medication error with chemotherapy drugs could be a fatal one. Chemotherapy drugs can be very toxic even at the prescribed therapeutic level recommended by the physician. The findings in this article shows that the patient themselves are the first line of defense in spotting errors in medications they receive because they obs...
...n also occur. This can occur due to increased serotonin at the synaptic levels which causes inhibition of the release of dopamine through specific presynaptic serotonin receptor subtypes. Another typical side-effect includes bleeding such as brusing, epistaxis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. SSRIs inhibit platelet functions and this could lengthen the time and risk of bleeding. When serotonin receptors are hyperstimulated, a condition called serotonin syndrome can occur. This syndrome brings about nausea, diarrhea, restlessness, delirium, extreme agitation, seizure, hyperreflexia, and many other symptoms. This syndrome can occur if SSRIs are taken together with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (a member of a different class of antidepressants).
Davies NM, Reynolds JK, Undeberg MR, Gates BJ, Ohgami Y, Vega-Villa KR. Minimizing risks of NSAIDs: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006 Nov;6(11):1643-55.
...essive episodes (CareNotes). As chemo is administered, patients may aquire other issues, such as a loss in appitite, less energy, sores in the mouth, pain throughout the body, an increased heartbeat, coughing or breathing issues, and confusion (CareNotes). According to CareNotes, patients must stay away from people that are sick, due to a decreased immune system, and they must drink a lot of water to stay hydrated.
People who use steroids have stomach issues. They feel bloated, nauseous, and will vomit blood because the lining of the stomach is irritated and the stomach has more acids.
·Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is an alternative to aspirin. It is also an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-platelet. Acetaminophen is much less likely to cause intestinal side affects than aspirin, however overdose of this drug can cause serious liver poisoning. The molecular formula for acetaminophen is C8H9NO2. Some examples of Acetaminophen are Tylenol, Midol, and Panadol.