Mavakli. M et el [1], from protocol studies of an expert and a novice architect, found that, there is a clear difference in the speed and rate of cognitive actions. The speed of the cognitive process in the expert’s design protocol is much higher, and the rates of the cognitive actions were gradually increases in the whole experiment, while the novice’s cognitive action decreases. Expert’s has more control of his cognitive activity and governs his performance in a more efficient way than novice. They also found that, the experts’ cognitive actions are well organized and clearly structured in contrast to novice. Experts are highly focused attention, which play a major role in his higher performance and productivity, whilst novices are distributed and defocused attention. This widely distributed and defocused attention of novice’s may not give high performance and productivity but increase the rate of certain idea generation. They clearly explain that, the novice’s are good in creating novelty where as the expert’s are good in performance.
The domain-general aspects of the designing are wide field of research in design science. The interaction between these domains plays important role in design process. Seitamaa-Hakkarainen et el [2] studies the interaction of domain-general and domain-specific knowledge in wave design between two expert and two novice. They found that the experts were used to both visual and technical design in a design, whilst novice prefer to use to more visual design in a design process. Experts are used to move from construction space to composition space in a parallel way of processing, whilst the novices are stick to composition space in a serial way of processing and occasionally move to construction spa...
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...as. (2002). Users as a hidden resource for creativity: Findings from an experimental study on user involvement. Creativity and Innovation Management , 11 (1), 55-61.
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Bonnardel, N. (1999, October 11-13). Creativity in Design Activities: The role of analogies in a constrained cognitive environment. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Creativity & Cognition , 158-165.
Shaughnessy, M. F., & Wakefield, J. F. (2003). Creativity: Assessment. In N. Piotrowski & T. Irons-Georges (Eds.), Magill's encyclopedia of social science:Psychology (pp. 459-463). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. 4th ed. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2006.
Shaughnessy, M. F., & Wakefield, J. F. (2003). Creativity: Assessment. In N. Piotrowski & T. Irons-Georges (Eds.), Magill's encyclopedia of social science:Psychology (pp. 459-463). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.
This paper may be more about art rather than the specific topic of (graphic) design, but I find the discussion broken if a single element is isolated. You can’t drive a car if you only focus on the brake pedal.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. NY: Architectural Press, 1980, 2007. Massachusetts: NECSI Knowledge Press, 2004.
The second principle that correlates with my understanding of a good design emphasises that good design makes a product useful. I accept this principle because, as a human-centred designer, I see a good design to be any design that is useful enough to meet the needs of the people you are designing for. The usefulness of a product is the main reason why human-centred designers have to go through the empathy stage of the design process to enable them understand their users as well as their needs better to design a product that will suit those needs. A design that is useful to the user is theref...
Wicked Problems in Design Thinking Author(s): Richard Buchanan Source: Design Issues, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 5-21 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/
Oxman, R. (1997). Design by re-representation: a model of visual reasoning in design. Design studies, 18, 329-347.
The initial phase for any design process is recognizing a problematic condition and finding a solution to that problem. Design itself is a willful act, a purposeful venture that parallels the ideals and principles of the progression of society. First, a designer must acknowledge the existing conditions of the problem in its context, and then obtain all relevant information that would later be analyzed. The fundamental, physical manifestations of architecture accommodate human activity, where designers study the arrangement and ordering of forms and spaces to promote endeavors, elicit responses, and communicate meaning.
In order to better understand the context of the paper, it would be beneficial to read “Design for the Real World” by Victor Papanek, furthermore, that lack of socially responsible design awareness at academic institutions is of great concern, in order to support the social design awareness, more research into where and how social design is taught, would add additional value to the claims in this review.
There is a magnitude of research put behind trying to find the link between creativity and...
Tim brown (CEO of IDEO) explained design thinking as “a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success.” (IDEO, 2016). Design thinking makes use of different types of people in different professions and from different understandings to find solutions in problem solving. In social innovation, on needs to go through the process of Design Thinking in order to find a solution to meeting the required neds of the specific issue being dealt with (Mulgan, 2006, pp. 145 – 147).
Design has major impact with concerns to environmental qualities. This field is a direct study of the relationship between behaviouristic actions of its inhabitants. Designers constantly interact with people and communicate to solve the needs of their clients regardless of large or small scale projects. Analysis is key in combining creativity with managerial design solutions. These outside-of-the-box designers have the ability to create beautiful, safe and functional and aesthetically pleasing spaces using common factors, designing for communities as well as,
Concepts play a key role in the development of innovative design solutions. Concepts are used to frame some general design approach. Even though there is no sharp distinction between the process of production and the process of interpretation of designs, an “intended” interpretation usually guides the actions of the designers. Concepts are used to frame some general design approach. In the absence of standard pre-organizing design principles, designers base their search on tentative constructions, or hypotheses which they gradually convert into pragmatic ones. Unlike a scientific hypothesis, which aims at being predictive a design hypothesis aims at being productive: it aims to produce
Based on Kaufmann and Sternberg’s reseach (2007), creativity is a complicated phenomenon that creates something new by working individually or in group. It appears in many subjects such as: art, literature, music, architecture, technology, science, business... It can be an invention in technology or science, a new creation in art, a new design in fashion or architecture or a solution in any other subjects that improve our life and make people more satisfied. Most definitions of creativity comprise three criteria: the first criteria is new, different or innovative. The second criteria is better quality and the last one is must be appropriate to the task at hand . Otherwise, there are many factors influence to the creativity depends on personality factors and sociality factors.