As described, there are 10 different perspectives of early psychology. These perspectives are: Structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. I will only be looking at three of these perspectives still in common use today here is a summary of each.
The behavioral perspective "focuses on the observable behaviors; thus it does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking." (Davis and Palladino, 2005).Unlike the other approaches, the behavioral perspective accentuates how it is important to learn and understand and doesn't focus on coconscious. B. F. Skinner, a well known psychologist, was a strong advocate of this thinking. He has since been called the
"greatest contemporary psychologist" (Fowler, 1990). Skinner basically took an easy angle on his methods. "Behavior changes as a result of consequences (Bjork, D. W.,
1997). When it comes down to it, Skinner teaches basic skills.
When applying this type of psychology to young children you will see immediate results and these can be long standing results. However, in young children, this method will not give the parent ay idea of the motivations or thoughts behind that bad behavior.
Only reinforcing the correct behaviors will do nothing to help parents or teachers better understand the feelings of the child or the internal factors that have contributed to this behavior. Behaviorism works well in conjunction with the other theories below to help parents and teachers gain a more complete understanding of not only their children’s behaviors but “why” they choose to behave in a certain way.
The humanistic perspective "emphasizes free will and an individual’s control of their own behavior." (Davis and Palladino, 2005).This was more of a human approach to psychology which was to look at and study humans by the choices they make. Laboratory specimens can not possibly equate to what a human can achieve deeming any laboratory experiment illogical. Instead of developing principals about their theories, they concluded that each individual is their own being. Humanistic psychologists believe in the inherent
“good” nature of all people.
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...ng the humanistic approach to reinforce their own decision making can teach a child to make the correct decisions and also give a more positive view of those choices no matter what they are. At any age the cognitive approach can be used to help children learn to recall information they have been taught or apply that “lesson” we are trying to get across.
References
Bjork D.W. (1997) Allport: A Life in Washington D.C. American psychological association
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My paper is based on an article from the text’s web site (chapter 9) entitled “Lack of sleep ages body’s systems.” The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation.
Bio-Psychologists study the principles of biology as it relates to the comprehension of psychology in the field neuroscience that underlies ones emotions, ideology, and actions (Brittanica). Based upon the conduction of research, the relationship between the brain and ones behavior extends to the physiological process in one’s intellect. Scientists are cognizant that neurotransmitters function as a significant role in mood regulation and other aspects of psychological problems including depression and anxiety. A biological perspective are relevant to psychology in three techniques including: the comparative method, physiology, and the investigation of inheritance (Saul Mc. Leod).
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