Probability of Breast Cancer
A National Cancer Institute (NCI) report estimates that about 1 in 8 women in the United States (approximately 13.3 percent) will develop breast cancer during her lifetime. This estimate is based on cancer rates from 1997 through 1999, as reported in NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program publication SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1999. This publication presents estimates of the risk of developing breast cancer in 10-, 20-, and 30-year intervals. Each age interval is assigned a weight in the calculations based on the proportion of the population living to that age.
The 1 in 8 figure means that, if current rates stay constant, a female born today has a 1 in 8 chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer sometime during her life. On the other hand, she has a 7 in 8 chance of never developing breast cancer. Because the SEER calculations are weighted they take into account that not all women live to older ages, when breast cancer risk becomes the greatest. A woman's chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer is:*
from age 30 to age 40 . . . . . . . 1 out of 252 from age 40 to age 50 . . . . . . . 1 out of 68 from age 50 to age 60 . . . . . . . 1 out of 35 from age 60 to age 70 . . . . . . . 1 out of 27
Ever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 out of 8
In evaluating cancer risk for a cancer-free individual at a specific point in time, age-specific (conditional) probabilities are more appropriate than lifetime probabilities. For example, at age 50 a cancer-free black woman has about a 2.5-percent chance of developing breast cancer by age 60, and a cancer-free white woman has about a 2.9-percent chance.
Among the racial/ethnic groups studied by SEER**, non-Hispanic white, Hawaiian, and black women have the highest levels of breast cancer risk. Other Asian/Pacific Islander groups and Hispanic women have lower levels of risk. Some of the lowest levels of risk occur among Korean and Vietnamese women.
normal adults. This is where AS are brought into the picture. AS are a quick way of
At this point in time, scientists and doctors have yet to discover the specific causes for breast cancer. However, what is known are the different risk factors that may trigger or put women more at danger of acquiring this disease. Aged women who have experienced menopause are more vulnerable at containing this disease. Women are also more at risk if breast cancer is common within their family because it is hereditary. In addition, smoking and drinking are other factors that can put women at risk as well (Stephan, 2010). Obesity in particular is a huge risk factor. Women who are overweight, especially those who have a thicker upper body, are more likely to develop malignant cancers in the breast than a healthy woman (Vona-Davis and Rose, 2009).
men; with an average gap of three years which is similar to the age of
...st has 3-4 fold risk of developing new cancer in the other breast this is different from a recurrence of first cancer. “Overall, white women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer than African Americans women.” 5-10 percent of breast cancer is caused by inherited genetic mutations. “2-5 percent caused by inherited mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes”. High doses of radiation, such as treating the disease, in women under 30 shows the higher increased risk for breast cancer.(2) Having a risk factor, or even several, doesn’t mean that you will get the disease. If you are overweight the connection between that and breast cancer risk is complex about 25 percent. “You will need to exercise as little as 1.25 to 2.5 hours per week of walking reduced the breast cancer risk by 18 percent”.(2) High fat diets is a high risk that causes breast cancer 50 percent exact.
The risks of getting cancer in this day and age has been increasing at a rate that could be detrimental to the human race if we do not act now. It is scary to think that you or someone you love and care about will get some type of cancer in their life time. Although there are many different types of cancer that is in existence today, the main focus is breast cancer. We are going to explore the causes breast cancer, the stages, how we can treat it and what precautions that can be taken to help lower ones risk of getting breast cancer. In America a baby girl born today has a 1 in 8 chance of getting breast cancer sometime in her life. These statistics do not seem so scary until they are put into perspective. Every three minute a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer and one will die every 13 minutes in a given day. If these rates of breast cancer continue to rise there will soon be a one in one baby girl born that will et diagnosed with breast cancer. This is the future of our world that we are talking about here and no one seems to be changing the main factors that contribute to breast cancer. There are many different suspicious causes but one thing that is clear is that an unhealthy environment has an enormous impact on women and their development from babies to women.
Applicable populations: The assessment is designed to be utilized with individuals between the ages of 18-73 (SASSI, 2001).
There are many different reasons that woman maybe at a higher risk for breast cancer than other woman. Family history is risk factors that increase a woman’s likelihood of getting breast cancer. What this means is if a woman is in a family where this disease is common among female or even males they are at a higher risk for being diagnosed with breast cancer than someone who is in a family where breast cancer is not common. If the relative that has this disease is one that is very close meaning they are either a sister, mother, or daughter the likelihood that said person will also contract the disease is then doubled. This is mainly due to the fact that in close relations you are able to inherit the genes BrcA-1 or BrcA-2, these genes are mutation genes that play a role in controlling the growth of cancer cell. Only a small portion of women inherit this gene about 1 in 500 to be exact, however when they do inherit this gene they have a 80% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. This gene causes woman to develop cancer at a younger age usually before the time they hit menopause. Also, women with this gene have a greater risk of developing cancer in both breasts which is called bilateral breasts cancer. This is due to the fact that once the cancer develops in one breast the risk for developing it in the other breast increases. (“Breast Cancer”) "About 5 to 10% of breast cancer is hereditary, passed from one generation to the next via a variety of mutated genes". (Port 95-105) Lastly,
Breast cancer can be caused by a variety of factors. Up until recently, many doctors believed breast cancer was strictly related to heredities. Research has shown that a woman whose mother, sister, or daughter has had breast cancer is two to three times more likely to develop the disease (“Breast Cancer Causes…”). Inherited genes mutations can be passed from parents to children, but they don’t make cancer inevitable. The majority of women diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history (Mayo Clinic Staff). Researchers have found a link between breast cancer and a woman’s amount of exposure to estrogen and progesterone over her lifetime. Women who began their period before age 12 or started menopause at an older age are more likely to develop breast cancer (Mayo Clinic Staff). Women who have never had children or had children after age thirty-five are also at greater risk (Mayo Clinic Staff). Any of these situations will alter the hormone levels of a woman’s body. In relation to this risk factor, doctors believe that growing older is one fac...
U.S. Census Bureau. (2001). Sixty-five plus in the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/statbriefs/agebrief.html
have to say that at least 95% of the people were all over 65, with very
Four out of eight participants were female, two of them were eighteen and the other two were nineteen years old. The other four participants were male, two of them were eighteen and the other two were nineteen years old. The mean age was eighteen years and six months.
The table below shows how many males and females from age 21 to 25 who
People age 35-50 had the most procedures -- 3.7 million and 45 percent of the total. People age 19-34 had 24 percent of procedures; age 51-64 had 23 percent; age 65-and-over had 5 percent; and age 18-and-younger had less than 3 percent.
Strawbridge, W. J., Wallhagen, M. I., & Cohen, R. D. (2002). Successful aging and well-being: Self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. The Gerontologist, 42(6), 727–33.