The Introduction
Cancer is the disease which spread quickly throughout the human body. There is a chance of survival if the person is in the early stage but, in many people, by the time it can be detected is when it is reaching the last stage. Moreover, the rates of people developing the cancers are increasing. Therefore, the inventions of the cancer cures help prolong the life of patients and increase the chance of survival. The data surveyed on the patient survival in the drug trial.
The data
First of all, we gracefully acknowledge StataCorp for providing the data on the patient survival on the drugs trial. The data discuss on the number of month of surviving, the age of the patients, and the types of the drugs during the experiments. Total of 48 patients were observed. The data clearly shows that the numbers of participants are quite small. It is because the cost of conducting the trials and purchasing the trial drugs are very expensive.
According to the data, we have measured the percentages of age groups of the patients in order to see a clear picture of which age groups are mostly participated in the experiment. On the survey, highest percentages are coming from patients are their 60s (60-69 years) which calculated as 54.167%. Following with 27.083% are from patients in their 50s (50-59 years). Patients in their 40s (40-49 years) are the last group that participated. The percentages show that over half of the patients are mostly elders. The reason why the participants are mostly elders could be that the younger ones are afraid to participate as there is a very high risk that the patients could die during or after the trials.
The data then shows the type of treatments that patients were given during the cancer clinical trial...
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In conclusion, the analysis in this paper shows that types of drug have a negative impact to the patient survival. The better treatment gives out the less number of patients died. The age of the patient, in contrast, moderately has a positive impact to the patient survival. The older the patients were, the more chance of dieing happened. Lastly, the studytime variable in which indicate the duration of the trial have less impact to the survival of the patient.
References
What Is a Cancer Clinical Trial? http://www.cancertrialshelp.org/Icare_content/icMainContent.aspx?intAppMode=2#destination_where
Investigational Drug May Increase Survival for Some Patients http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/investigational_drug_may_increase_survival_for_some_patients Appendix
http://www.stata-press.com/data/r8/cancer.dta
Josh Hardy of Virginia struggled with health issues throughout his young life. After his most recent bone marrow transplant in January 2014, he was unable to recover and lay hospitalized with an adenovirus. The rare experimental medicine is not available in hospitals like St. Jude which he is in. The life-saving medication is only carried by a specialized company called Chimerix. The drug Brincidofovir has not yet been released by the Food and Drug Administration to the public yet. Chimerix previously had a “compassionate care” program that enabled those in medical need to request Brincidofovir and they were granted with the drug, however Chimerix recently strayed away from this program and sought to take time and work on the development and advancement for the drug to be made publicly available. It will not be until approximately the year 2016 that the drug will be released on the market. The issue remains that a life threatening issue like Josh’s cannot wait two more years. Chimerix’s initial and later actions are key factors in determining whether the company follows the Benedictine faith, keeping their values correctly aligned in the light of Christian values. Chimerix’s was able to display the Benedictine principles in their company when they decided to grant Josh with the experimental drug, but their initial decision corrupted the morality of the company.
Because of advancements in technology and funding survival rates have increased in each patient and quality of life due to better chemotherapy and radio therapy drugs are helping millions of survivors round the world to lead a generally normal life without the risk of the cancer returning.
... clinical trial comparing two treatments is in progress, and a physician has an opinion about which treatment is better. This duty creates a barrier to the enrollment of patients in randomized clinical trials.
...n Article Nielsen et al (2013) Diagnostic Accuracy hierarchy methods is applied which is review on second level (II) i.e. Randomised Controlled Trial and Meta-Analysis in the Pyramid level. These are also considered as gold standard in hierarchy of research design for evaluating the safety of a treatment. Also therapeutic study method is applied where different patients of age groups are used to treat with two different temperatures. There are two different trial methods used in this study. Here the level of hierarchy is high so that we can trust the result based on the data provided. We can also provide and opportunities to collect useful information about adverse affect such as temperature control over cardiac arrest. In the Meta-Analysis method multiple treatment groups are been treated with each other. There is also observational study performed in the article.
The data utilized for trial analysis are maintained anonymous, however the trial management data carry personal identifiers for conduct of study and to ensure patient safety. The patient source data is encrypted and password protected allowing access to authorized personnel and prevents transfer to electronic media device. The list of authorized personnel will be maintained in the Trial Master File. The audit trails captures all activities pertaining to conduct of clinical trials and tracks changes performed to data. The date and time stamp used impede chances of misuse. On completion of the trial, the data will be locked using DMS file locking facility to prevent tampering of
The IRB is an administrative body which has been established to make sure research participants' rights are protected. IRBs review all aspects of the researchers' project: the study design, the recruitment process, the participant population, the informed consent document and process, the risk/benefit ratio, privacy and confidentiality, data storage and protection, and safeguards for vulnerable participants (University of St. Francis, n.d.). In this way, participants' rights are protected because the effort is made even before the research begins. The review process ensures that participants are chosen fairly and informed adequately and the information collected during research is safeguarded through collection, use, and storage. Research using human participants is such an important part of medicine that it is imperative it is performed in a way that its intrigue is not compromised.
Within this set, the investigators randomized how many trials the participants would complete: 7, 10, or 13. Then, they were giving the chance to do 3 or 6 more trials and were ask to record their results.
The FDA-required bioequivalence studies typically are conducted on a small group of healthy individuals. These studies do not use individuals that have been diagnosed with the condition the medication is used to treat. Therefore, age and disease-related factors and patient-related variables are not taken into account. Also, these studies are only single-dose studies which do not take into account the cumulative effects of dosing (Johnston, Stafylas, & Stergiou, 2010).
outlines the benefits and risk reported in the tested population. For a drug to be approved by
McVay, D., Schiraldi, V., & Ziedenberg, J. (2004, January). Finding 1: Treatment can be less
Reinarman, Craig and Peter D. A. Cohen and Hendrien L. Kaal. “The Limited Relevance of Drug
Turner, B. J., Newschaffer, C. J., Zhang, D., Fanning, T., & Hauck, W. W. (1999). Translating clinical trial results into practice. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(12), 979-986.
These medicines are selected on the basis of symptoms and with every symptom the medicine is changed. This is a or treatment based on unique manifestation, by this statement you will manage your any kind of disturbance which has taken place in your vital force. These medicines don’t treat the disease rather it improves your body is a vital force will be with any kind of disease organically.
...f patients’ doctors recruited participants, patients may not ease to refuse participating a trial. Therefore recruitment may be better to be done by a person who does not normally treat the patients.
Some of the physical changes that occur to the individual affect their health. As a result, the person may have some health issues. Sometimes, pharmaceutical interventions are necessary to maintain their health. However, many times the use of many medications, the time when to take them, and which food inhibit the absorption of the drugs become confusing for the elderly people. (The confusion about medications can happen to young and middle age people too!). As a result, someone may need to assist them