Rotor topologies:
The essential characteristics that are required for automobile applications of an electrical machine include: a) High torque and power; b) High torque at low speeds (starting and sloping roads); c) Wide speed and torque range; d) Able to support overload for short periods of time. [1]
With those characteristics, it can be used several of the machines available in the market. In this case it will be studied: PM Brushless AC Machines, Induction Motors and Switched Reluctance Machines.
A. PM Brushless AC Machines
Permanent magnet machines use permanent magnets to produce air-gap magnetic flux instead of field windings. These machines have a uniform rotating stator field that goes at the same speed as the magnetic field of the rotor. The induced waveforms in the stator are sinusoidal making vector control able to be used. [2]
These machines have the big advantages of efficiency and high torque. As the Magnetic field is generated by a magnet, there are no copper losses in the rotor. These machines can be divided in two big groups, interior PM synchronous motor (IPMSM) or surface mount synchronous motor (SPMSM) which will be described later. Major disadvantages of these machines are their high manufacturing cost and the limited resources of rare-earth magnets.[1]
B. Induction Machines
Induction machines are the most used machines in industry, being the most developed and mature electrical machine technology. Major advantages in these machines are: a) experience technology; b) lower cost than PM machines; c) high efficiency; d) high starting torque. Although efficiency in these machines are high, it is lower than PM machines due to high copper losses. [1]
C. Switched Reluctance Machines
Switched reluctance machines ar...
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...torque of the machine and will make the machine more suitable for field weakening operation. However the manufacturing process is more complicated and expensive. SPMSs machines lack of saliency because q-axis inductance is equal to the d-axis one and the magnet can suffer of demagnetisation as it is exposed to the air-gap.
In IPMSMs, the magnet buried in the rotor can be placed in many different ways depending on the use of the machine.
Works Cited
[1] Z. Q. Zhu and C. C. Chan, "Electrical machine topologies and technologies for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles," ed, pp. 1-6.
[2] Husain, Iqbal, Mar 12, 2003, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, CRC Press, Hoboken, ISBN: 9780203009390
[3] Gieras, Jacek F., Aug 13, 2009, Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, Third Edition, Taylor and Francis, Hoboken, ISBN: 9781420064414
With a little stretching, the average physics student should be able to comprehend the principles of magnetic levitation and propulsion through synchronous linear motors. To facilitate the process of understanding this complex material, we suggest that the student go through this web site in order. Make sure you understand the basic physics before moving on to the page which applies these principles to magnetically levitated vehicles.
Braham, James. "Keep you eye on the batAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers". 69. 13 (1997), 1-3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=46cabc6b-475f-4fa3-8712-92f0739b70d4%40sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=9708224665. (accessed March 23, 2011).
...late 17th century, and beginning of the 18th century, transportation was favored by American society so much, the wealthier would hire chauffer’s to take people places. So not only did the motor produce a better and more efficient life style, it also created a huge business industry, as we know it today called, “valeting”. The actual motor worked like this. “Two cups filled with mercury would contain a magnet and a wire with one being fixed and the other free to move. Whenever a current was passed through the wire, the free moving magnet or wire would revolve around its fixed partner due to the electromagnet forces being produced.” (History of Innovation). This first motor was a prime example of the fact that movement could be created by electricity and electricity could be created by friction. This motor was the most useful and applicable invention in the 1800’s.
Just about 80% of the mechanical power utilized by businesses is given by three stage enlistment engines in view of its basic and tough development, ease, great working attributes, nonappearance of commutator and great speed direction. In three stage enlistment engine the power is exchanged from stator to rotor twisting through acceptance. The Enlistment engine is likewise called offbeat engine as it keeps running at a speed other than the synchronous speed. Like some other electrical engine enlistment engine additionally have two primary parts to be specific rotor and stator. A 3-stage enlistment engine has two principle parts (I) stator and (ii) rotor. The rotor is isolated from the stator by a little air-crevice which ranges from 0.4 mm to 4 mm, contingent upon the force of the engine. The primary body of the Enlistment Engine involves two noteworthy parts as shows in Figure
Starting in the late 1700’s, European engineers began messing with motor powered vehicles. By the mid 1800’s, steam, combustion, and electrical motors had all been attempted. By the 1900’s it wasn’t very clear on which type of engine would really power the automobile. At that time, electric cars were the most popular but there were no batteries at that time that would allow a car to move very fast or a long distance. Commercial production in the United States began at the beginning of the 1900’s. In the early 1900’s, the United States had about two thousand firms producing one or more cars.
Corridore, J. (March 2014). Industrial surveys: Industrial machinery. S & P Capital IQ Industry Surveys; 55 Water Street, New York. Retrieved 13th March 2014 from
The exact workings of different brushless DC motors depend on the type of timing device used. This example uses a Reed switch.
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Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
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