Discussion:
An evaluation of CSF-Tau, CSF-Aβ42, P-Tau, and blood based proteins were performed in the hopes of developing a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). From these results, it has shown that it has the ability to differentiate patients from probable AD to healthy age matched control and other dementias. In this discussion, we will be evaluating more closely at each individual biomarker from the CSF, combination or ratio of biomarkers, and potential biomarkers from the blood to determine what the current best biomarker is for determining AD.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau protein (CSF-Tau) encompasses both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated tau protein. CSF-Tau is also referred to as the total tau in a few of the papers discussed in this review. When evaluating CSF-Tau concentration levels as an individual biomarker to indicate if an individual has AD, it has shown promising results. In a few of the studies, the difference in concentration levels of CSF-Tau was significantly different from control and probable AD (Clark, 2003 and Andreasen, 1999). In the probable AD patients, it shown that there was an increase of CSF-Tau levels. From the Clark paper was that the probable AD and control had a difference of 472 pg/mL (Clark, 2003). This shows a 4.3 fold increase of CSF-Tau levels in the brains of the probable AD patients. This significant increase in Tau protein correlates to what is seen in the hallmark of AD brains (Alonso, 1996). When the Tau protein is hyperphosphorylated it forms tangles and filaments in the brain, so the more Tau protein available to be phosphorylated leads to more tangles forming, which is found in the brain’s of AD patients (Alonso, 1996). CSF-Tau has potential to predict the changing patho...
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...not indicate that CSF-Tau is not a good biomarker, but it shows another view. Since AD can only be confirmed with an autopsy, the biomarker needs to be able to predict as close as possible to actual confirmed AD data. I feel that CSF-Tau is still a good biomarker because it was able to differentiate from controls and MCI to AD patients. In addition to this, the Shaw paper showed that Tau may not be the best at identifying AD, but it still provided high values. The combination at looking at the difference in concentration level was enough to accurately determine if an individual could or have AD. CSF-Tau has been shown to be the best indicator of an individual having AD, when only looking at a single parameter because it can indicate the production of tangles, which can lead to potential early detection of AD and shown to have high accuracy as a diagnostic tool.
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