Literature Review
Intimate partner violence statistics showed that intimate partner violence is a serious social problem in the general public and academic settings. According to Weitz (2013), the major causes of injuries and deaths among women are due to intimate partner violence. In support, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, showed that about 20% of women compared to 8% of men have been raped or physically assaulted by a spouse, lover or date at some point of their lives. The numbers of cases do not include the approximately 1,200 women who are killed each year by inmate partners and so are unable to answer survey questions (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2009). In comparison, one out of five students will experience at least one incident of physical abuse (Makepeace, 1998). As mentation earlier, the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy (JCDCSP) requires that all colleges and universities that participate in federal financial aid programs keep and disclose information about crimes on and near their respective campuses. According to N. C. Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2010) findings, 32% of college students have been in a relationship that involves physical aggression such as sexual abuse, pushing, slapping, and stalking. It also showed that 40% of college students have been in a relationships that were emotional abusive.
There many contributors to violence among college students. According to Rhodes (2009), undergraduate college students around the United States are engaging in risky behaviors such as unprotected sex, risky sexual behaviors, binge drinking, driving while drunk, or under the influence of a substance while driving as well as using other illicit drug...
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...ally, the existing literature on abusive relationships between faculty and administrators seem to be non-existent. The most interesting of the literature are the studies that assess the relationship between adjunct faculty member and administration at the university. In the book entitled, “Academic Sharecroppers: Exploitation of Adjunct and the Higher”, discusses how adjunct professors are frequently exploited by the higher education system (Fountain, 2005). The book uncovered how most adjunct professor’s lacks health care insurance, are underpaid, and overloaded with classes. The author used the term “Academic Sharecropper” to describe the minimal financial and other support given to adjunct faculty by intuitions of higher learning (Fountain, 2005). Basically the author expressed the ethical and moral breaches of contract by administrators in the higher education.
In Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, the traditional Ibo tribe is a very effective and lasting culture. They are the first to introduce many systems and traditions that we still use in society today. One of the major things the Ibo tribe introduces is the judial system, respect during conversation, hospitality, strength and masculinity. In Things Fall Apart, the author wants us to understand the Ibo tribe and feel sympathy for them, including Okonkwo.
"Those of us in the first American generations have had to figure out how the invisible world the emigrants built around our childhoods fit in solid America." Maxine Hong Kingston is a native of Stockton, California, born in 1940. The essay, "No Name Woman", was taken from her book ,"The Woman Warrior" (1976). Kingston is , in her everyday life, surrounded by "ghosts" from her past cultural heritage. The role identity concept parallels Ms. Kingston's essay. In the role identity concept, factors surrounding us in our daily life are continuously shaping and reshaping who we are and what we will become. In this concept, taken from the structural school of symbolic interaction, we tend to conform our sense of self to adapt to individual social situations as we are exposed to them. The theory in the concept of role identity is that we all play different "roles" in society, on various levels , which can include our families, our workplaces, our peers, daily experiences, and even within ourselves. Therefore, we are continuously changing and evolving into our "sense of self". Kingston, born a Chinese-American, struggles with her sense of self as she attempts to balance her American lifestyle with that of her Chinese family's rich cultural beliefs; although, even as she begins to accept her "role identity" within her family structure, as an author, she realizes that she will be "haunted", merely by writing about it.
The American Civil War helped to save the nation by rejoining Union Confederate and as result of the Emancipation Proclamation, most African American slaves were declared freed men. However, during the American Reconstruction, the lack of political unity was still very apparent as the South saw Reconstruction as being defeated humiliatingly and thus sought vengeance through the slaves it had lose. Although many slaves did receive their freedom, Reconstruction caused an increase in the white supremacy groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and laws such black codes/ Jim Crow laws/ sharecropping, which limited the rights freed slaves had. This unfortunately caused many of the freed slaves to be only marginally better off than before the Civil War and to still be under white control even after the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment. Having a president that was formerly a slave owner and opposed the rights of freed men as well a weak central government that was in a state of disorder thus caused a failure to put an end to segregation and integrate freed African Americans into society; instead they were seen as second class citizens that had limited rights and were still discriminated even more harshly by bitter Southerners.
Rape is the most common violent crime on American college campuses. A numerous amount of issues dealing with sexual assaults has been caused by unsafe environments on college campuses. Over the past years there has been a
The college life is far more dangerous than what we think in general. Most of the crimes are witnessed in the college campus, and one of the most critical and life-consuming crime was sexual assault. However, the sexual assault is still concerning and remains the controversy. Most college students do know that sexual violence should always be pleaded guilty. The sexual assault often resulted from alcohol and parties, and the undergraduate freshmen do not realize how violent sexual assault is. All members of the college community need to realize how sexual assault can harm life and success.
Despite federal laws issued to combat sexual violence, each year 4,000 college women report to school officials that they've been sexually assaulted. What happens after they file those reports has stirred debate on campuses across the country, leaving parents and students fearful that colleges may not be the ivory towers of security and integrity that appear on their recruitment pamphlets.
Sexual assaults on college campuses has become a major phenomenon and increases on a daily throughout the United States. 1 out of 4 women on college campuses have been reported as victims in sexual assaults or attempted sexual assaults in a study by Koss, Gidyez, and Wisniewski. (Lee, Spring 2003) In majority reports of sexual assaults the victims knew their perpetrator personally and the sexual assault took place while on a date with the perpetrator. (Lee, Spring 2003) Their study also exposed that 1 in 12 college men were involved in sexual assaults but felt that their actions were not illegal. Alcohol and drug use are major components in which sexual assaults are created by. Alcohol and drug us amplified rapidly at the beginning of college
Kareem is a talented undergraduate student who I have had the privilege of working with in nuclear science research over the past year. We have worked on two separate neutron activation analysis projects together. He has also taken my upper level course in Nuclear and Particle Physics (UTPA course # PHYS 4309) with honors during the fall semester of 2013 and has expressed interest in my participation as his honors thesis advisor. It is a pleasure to offer this letter of recommendation for the DOE SULI program.
The amount of rape and abuse cases according to statistics is at an unacceptable high. At least 1 in 4 women will experience sexual assault during their years in college (Sexual Assault and College Campuses – Statistics). In many instances the incident is a result from alcohol intoxication. According to Sara Lawrence College at least 50% of sexual assault cases include alcohol (Sexual Assault and College Campuses – Statistics). Administration from all over must come together to put an end to senseless abuse.
Many people think that because a college has low sexual assault and rape incidents reported that it makes it a safer school. This is the opposite of the problem. Only 12% of rapes and sexual assaults are reported the law enforcement when 1 in every 4 college women are sexually assaulted. This study was done to more than 3,000 women and 2,000 men on 32 college campuses. That leaves an excessive amount of assaults gone unreported. 19% of U.S undergraduate women are victims of sexual assaulted leaving them as the main target. 80% of all these sexual assaults are done by people the victims are already previously acquainted with. This statistic
The end goal is to encourage actions that are more like the latter side of the spectrum, and to overcome the culture of tolerance—thus lowering the amount of assaults. Unfortunately, assaults occur not only to just high school students, but to college students as well—in fact, 20% of women in college will be assaulted by the time they graduate. One in five women is a terrifying statistic, and it is ethical to prevent this tragic phenomenon due to the possible negative emotional, social, and physical consequences of assault.
Colleges should be a safe environment for students, but instead there are cases of rape on college. The reporting rates are very low at colleges. An average of only 12% of student victims report the assault. One of 5 women have been assaulted by somebody they know. About 85-90% sexual assaults reported are done by someone known to the victims(National Institute of Justice, 2008). An average 28% of forced rapes took place at a college. Women blame themselves for being drunk and don’t report it (Steve Inskeep, 2010).
There have been reports of increased violence on U.S. college campuses since the early 1980s. Alcohol-related problems have included vandalism, fighting, injuries, and rape. However, as in the past, crime on campuses frequently was not reported to authorities or not divulged by institutions. Therefore, it is difficult to know if there has been an increase in incidences or just increased reporting. Roark (1987: 367) has suggested that "although comparative data from previous years are difficult to obtain, it seems to many student affairs professionals that there is an increase in violence on campuses." One study reported that residence hall advisors mediated more physical confrontations between students in the mid-1980s compared to previous years. College campuses are communities populated with individuals at high risk for unintentional and violent injury, the vast majority of whom are single and experiencing freedom from home and parental supervision for the first time. Despite broad-based concern about violence on campus, accurate information about the scope and nature of this problem is hard to come by. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that since the 1960s crime and vio...