The 20th century marked many changes and events in Cleveland. During the 1960s-1980s Cleveland was faced with the Civil Rights Act, which had an impact on the black community and the Hough and Glenville riots, which impacted those cities and the people living there. These two major events didn’t only affect the city of Cleveland, but these events also affected many of the residents that were living there. The events and drastic changes that Cleveland encountered over the century shaped Cleveland into the city it is today.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had a great impact on the black community in Cleveland. The Civil Rights Act was an attempt to deal with the increasing demand for African Americans to have equal rights. This act prohibited discrimination in education, voting, and using public facilities. Since the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act were passed in 1964 and 1965 many people believed that it was attainable for African Americans to have equals rights just as everyone else. Those two federal laws outlawed segregation, guaranteed African Americans equal protection under the law, and allowed African Americans the right to vote. There were many activists that continued to protest the lack of equal pay for equal work for African Americans with whites. They also wanted to improve educational opportunities for people of all races. Some African Americans, especially younger ones, began to reject these calls for non-violent protests. These people wanted changes to occur much more quickly, they demanded action now, rather than the slower changes that usually came from these demonstrations. There were many white and black Ohioans who actively sought to reform the South. They did this by joining organizations, such as the...
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... Civil Rights Act and the Hough and Glenville riots. These two major events affected Cleveland greatly along with the resident living there. If these events and changes were to never happen to Cleveland, who knows what the city would be like today.
Works Cited
"Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: CLEVELAND: NOW!." Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: CLEVELAND: NOW!. Case Western Reserve, 31 Jul. 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
"Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: GLENVILLE SHOOTOUT." Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: GLENVILLE SHOOTOUT. Case Western Reserve, 27 Mar. 1998. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
"Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: HOUGH RIOTS." Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: HOUGH RIOTS. Case Western Reserve, 18 Jul. 1997. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
Miller, Carol Poh, and Robert Anthony Wheeler. Cleveland: A Concise History, 1796-1996. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1997. Print.
“History of the Dayton Canoe Club.” Daytoncanoeclub.org. Dayton Canoe Club, n.d. Web. 22 March 2012. .
Groups of people soon received new rights. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act. It gave black Americans full citizenship and guaranteed them equal treatment. Also, it passed the Fourteenth Amendment to make sure that the Supreme Court couldn’t declare the Civil Rights Act unconstitutional. The amendment made blacks citizens of the United States and the states in which they lived. Also, states were forbidden to deprive blacks of life, liberty, or property without due process. Additionally, blacks could not be discriminated by the law. If a state would deprive blacks of their rights as citizens, it’s number of congressional representatives would be reduced. The Civil Rights Act as well as the Fourteenth Amendment affected both the North and the South.
Eibling, Harold H., et al., eds. History of Our United States. 2nd edition. River Forest, Ill: Laidlaw Brothers, 1968.
Cleveland’s black population was quite small before the “Great Migration” in 1915, but then began to gradually increase. This meant that black associations and leadership depended very much on white support. The socioeconomic position of blacks, however, at the same time, got worse as whites got stricter on discriminatory control over employment and public places. After 1915, Cleveland’s black population grew quickly, starting racist trends. One of the results was segregation of the living conditions of blacks, their jobs, and in social aspects. As isolation increased, however, this began the growth of new leaders and associations that responded to the needs of the ghettos. By 1930, the black ghetto had expanded; Cleveland’s blacks had increased class stratification in their community, as well as an increasing sense of cultural harmony in response to white prejudice.
Cleveland, Ohio has been in existence for 203 years. There are more than 500,000 people living in Cleveland, yet few know about its past. In this paper, I am going to take you along as I tell you the history of Cleveland.
...of religion, the freedom to assemble and civil rights such as the right to be free from discrimination such as gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. Throughout history, African Americans have endured discrimination, segregation, and racism and have progressively gained rights and freedoms by pushing civil rights movement across America. This paper addressed several African American racial events that took place in our nation’s history. These events were pivotal and ultimately led to the establishment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Civil Rights Act paved the way for future legislation that was not limited to African American civil rights and is considered a landmark piece of legislation that ending racism, segregation and discrimination throughout the United States.
Without Federal support, African Americans would have never been able to achieve what they have. Little Rock and the civil rights movement dramatically changed the face of the nation and gave a sense of dignity and power to black Americans. Most of all, the millions of Americans who participated in the movement brought about changes that reinforced our nation’s basic constitutional rights for all Americans- black and white, men and women, young and old. Bibliography Chalmers, David. And the Crooked Places Made Straight: The Struggle for Social Change in the 1960s.
Although the Housing Act of 1949 was passed with good intentions it can be seen that it lead to unforeseen complications that would exacerbate the urban crisis. Affordable high-rise housing, that was meant to bring more people into the city instead, forced the people who could afford it to move out into the growing suburbs and the poor to quickly demolish the poorly built maintained structures. As a result of displacement and previous Supreme Court decisions blockbusters would move African Americans into previous white neighborhoods which caused the movement of segregated districts within the cities to change. In the end the only thing that changed were the placement of black and white districts, the growth of suburbs, and empty lots where affordable housing once stood.
The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Certainly I feel with the available facts in this research paper, that the whites were the aggressors for the events leading up to the Tulsa race riot and the start of the Tulsa race riot. African Americans were simply there to stand up against the white supremacy and to provide the African Americans Tulsa their freedom and equal justice.
As a direct result of the “fear” of white people, more police officers were hired for both the schools and city, communities of color became more hyper-policed, gang injunctions and zero-tolerance policies were implemented and gentrification began. Through gentrification alone, communities began to be rebuilt, rent prices increased, and while the people that could not afford to live in their community anymore had to relocate, the city began attracting affluent white people to own the new “reconstructed”
Many people see history as a set of facts, or as a collection of stories. The reality, however, is that history is a fluid timeline. Each act of an individual or a group has an effect on others. Each moment in history is a building block that, good or bad, contributes to the stability of the next. This can be seen clearly in American history, as there have been several developments since the 1800’s that have played major roles on the growth of the nation.
Jacobs, Jane. "12-13." The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961. N. pag. Print.
During the first half of the 20th century, Harlem became a mecca for African American culture and ideas. Home to the Harlem Renaissance, Harlem housed many influential African American leaders and influenced much of African American culture of the 20th century. Harlem’s population exploded during the 1920s-30s due to the Harlem Renaissance, and continued to expand until reaching its peak during the 1950s. The decade of the 195...
Before the 15th amendment, African Americans had been used as slaves and were discriminated against. African Americans were not allowed to certain things, like use the same restrooms, go to the same restaurants, drink from the same water fountain, sit with Caucasian people, etc. Another one of those actions was that African Americans were not able to participate in is voting. People, who were activists, state troopers, and protesters, were being hurt and murdered for standing up and fighting for what they believed in (Voting). African Americans were fighting for the right to have the same equality as Caucasian people. The most well known and remembered speaker was Martin Luther King Jr. In his speech, I Have a Dream, is when he then states, "We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality"(Martin). No matter what they did, the African Americans felt as if they were to blame and were wrong. Most African Americans were being punished, killed or very severely hurt. People like, Eugene “Bull” Connor, violently attacked the protesters(Voting Rights..Rights Act of 1965). It took the murder of voting-rights activist in Philadelphia, Mississippi, which gained national attention, and other numerous acts of violence and terrorism for people to actually recognize that there is a problem. Also the unprovoked attack on March 7, 1965 by state troopers on peaceful marchers crossing the Edmund Pet...
Ever since the African American race was brought over to the United States they have been mistreated. Upon their arrival, Americans instantly enslaved them and used them for work, not even considering them as people. With the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865, slavery was finally outlawed; however, “colored” people were still treated unequally through segregation. Segregation was legalized by the Court decision in the case Plessy v. Ferguson. But, in 1952, the case Brown v. Board of Education upturned the Plessy v. Ferguson precedent saying that the “separate but equal doctrine was unconstitutional. The result was a nation wide integration. Everything from schools to businesses to restaurants and bathrooms became integrated. Unfortunately, not all states took to this integration kindly. Many did everything they could to resist African Americans from mixing with whites. The southern most states were particularly vicious about this segregation going to the extent of bombings to quell the hopes of African Americans. But one city was determined to fight segregation. Birmingham, Alabama was the site of one of the most prominent parts of the civil rights movement and despite a decade since Brown v. Board of Education, Birmingham refused to integrate. The Birmingham campaign was one of the most influential movements of the civil rights movement and was the turning point in the war against segregation. The violence and cruelty inflicted upon African Americans not only united the people of the city, but it also united the people of the nation.