Due to the frying operation in potato processing, the effluents normally contain a large amount of oil and grease and therefore a high BOD5 and COD value (Catarino et al., 2005). Oil and grease can be particularly problematic even for conventional centralized treatment system (Chipasa and Medrzycka, 2006). Moreover, consequences such as hydrophobicity in receiving soils and subsequent poor distribution of irrigation water may occur, if inadequately treated wastewater is disposed to the soil or reused for irrigation (Wallach et al., 2005; Tarchitzky et al., 2007; Travis et al., 2010). Also, blockage of the sewer and drainage system often caused by fat, oil and grease (Water UK, 2013).
Special enzymes can be used to break down these oil and greases in the wastewater. This can be an effective solution where properly used (Water UK, 2013). However extra cost can be avoided if oil and greases are collected in the first place. Additionally, by recycling them as a by-product, extra profit can be made.
There are some good options in reusing oil and greases. To begin with, Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. (Royal Dutch Airlines), known by its initials KLM, collects and uses cooking oil to fuel flight since September 2011 (KLM, 2012). Twenty-five percent of the fuel on board 777 aircraft is made from old cooking oil (Daniel, 2013). Although it maybe more expensive –costing around three times the price of regular aviation fuel at $10 per gallon, the fuel is more greener, reducing carbon emissions by up to 80 percent (KLM, 2012). Additionally, KLM is aim at using 1% biofuels for all its flights by 2015. It has announced it will purchase 2,000 tons of gutter oil from Shanghai and refine it into aviation fuel for the aircraft. The...
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...D as high as 20,000 mg/L, which will cause serious problems if discharge directly (Grommers and van der Krogt, 2009). Though biological treatment (Gelinas and Barrette, 2007), heat treatment (Bartova and Barta, 2008) and flocculence (Bartova and Barta, 2009; Khorshid et al., 2007) can be used to treat these wastewaterm they are not able to separate the organic substances and consume a lot of energy. Moreover, potato starch is of great value since it is rich in amino acids and has also been widely used in the industries of food and chemistry (Refstie and Tiekstra, 2003; Kraak, 1992; Jobling, 2003). Therefore, the discharge of the wastewater is an abundant loss of these valuable substances.
The industrial applications of starch are various. Papermaking is the largest non-food application globally. Millions of metric tons of starch are consumed annually (NCFF, 2011).
...urkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P., et al. (2007). Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 11(2), 308–312. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1817674/pdf/ehp0115-000308.pdf
Oil is what is used to lubricate the engine and transmission. Mobil 1 makes a lot of different types of oil. One type of oil is Delvac 1300. Another type that they make is turbo charged engines. Another Mobil 1 product is ESP for catalytic converters & Diesel particulate fluid only. And finally, Mobil 1 Delvac 1 ESP. Oil is a nonrenewable resource, and theres not alot of it. Oil is one of the greatest resources found on earth it is used for lots of things.
About 90% of farms in the US suffer from topsoil loss. This is due to the farmers using pesticides, which kill weeds and other plants on the farms. Some scientists worry these pesticides can be very harmful to our environment. Chemically processed and hydrogenated vegetable oils like corn and canola cause conditions like heart disease, cancer, and obesity. They contain harmful free radicals and trans fats formed during chemical processing. These oils do not need to be consumed on a vegetarian diet and are more likely consumed whilst one is cooking meat. Natural oils from fruits and vegetables can not harm the body as much as the fat included in most meat
The objectives of Lab 6 is to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil and determine the yields for this process. The materials of this lab are a 15 mL capped centrifuge tube, a balance scale, a disposable glass pipette, methanol, and KOH.
You are living in Saskatoon where the current temperature is -41o C. What happens when you need to suddenly go to the hospital, and your car engine oil is as thick as a jelly which makes it hard for the car to start properly? What’s going to be your first priority changing your petroleum-based engine oil into the Synthetic oil or deciding not to go to the hospital even though you needed it at any cost?
Maize also has uses beyond being used as a food source or being turned into oil. Maize’s main use is for food, but it can be used in creative ways. For example the popped kernels of maize, commonly referred to as ‘popcorn’ is seasoned and coated in different ways in order to make the ethnic foods of Vietnam and Peru. Corn is also used to create basic alternative medicines and herbal supplements using the corn silk, but this use is not often capitalized on. The starches from maize are a major source of material for products like plastics, fabrics, and adhesives. Also a by-product from the maize ‘wet milling’ process called ‘corn step liquor’ is of a major use to the biochemical industry because it is a perfect culture to grow many kinds of m...
of uses after it is refined. Some of the more well-known uses for petroleum products are as
Oil is used in all forms of transportation, such as cars, planes, trains, boats, motorcycles and more. It is a necessity for today's automobiles. Oil is used as a lubricant, provides heating, cooling electricity. Oil is the main component in plastic (Careers In Oil and Gas 1). There is a large amount of plastic that is used in cars ...
used for storage. In plants, starch is mainly used because if it is synthesized, the plant can stock
Corn starch is very valuable to the pharmaceutical industry. The starch is used as an excipient (an inactive substance that is formulated alongside an active ingredient, this is used to prepare pharmaceuticals) and helps in the production and delivery of numerous medicines.
Wastewater is having following impurities that are needed to treat in order to reuse the treated waste water for food crop production.
Transportation is another benefit of oil. Of course we all know that we use oil to run our vehicles, but that is not the only benefit. Oil is also used in combustion engines.
There are countless sources of water pollutions that exist today due to our industrious and technologically advanced lifestyles. However, the most vexing is caused by the most basic necessity for survival, Agricultural Pollution. Agricultural Pollution is defined as, “ liquid and solid wastes from all types of farming activities, including run-off from pesticide and fertilizer use, and from feedlots; erosion and dust from ploughing; animal manure and carcasses; and crop residues and debris. In essence Agricultural Pollution is a nonpoint source water pollutant since it comes from various locations and cannot be pinpointed” (EPA-web). Although there are many practices already in place that will decrease the pollution, increase productivity, and save farmers money in the long run, the farmers are careful to change practices.
... in corn, soybeans and cereal grains are found in the indigestible compound phytate that passes through the digestive tract of the pig and is enriched in the manure. The carbohydrates and proteins in this food are digested and absorbed. When manure from ordinary pigs is spread throughout land in areas surrounding intense swine production, it has been shown that there is an accumulation of phosphorus in the soil. Upon heavy rain this phosphorus rich soil runs into water ways in turn increasing the phosphorus concentration of the water. Algae grows layering the body of water causing the reduction in oxygen concentration in the liquid which results in the death of fish and other aquatic animals. The ecosystem of the area is effect, removing food for birdlife and killing plant life. Frequently toxins are produced by the algae and the water is no longer safe to drink.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.