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Parenting style and children's outcome
Effects of low self esteem on children
Parenting style and children's outcome
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On a sunny Tuesday, at approximately four pm, a little girl wearing a navy blue dress walked into Chik-fil-A holding her exhausted looking mother's hand. The mother was pushing a stroller that carried a male infant inside. The little girl appeared to be irritable and did not appear to listen to anything that the mother was saying. When they approached the counter, the mother asked the little girl what she wanted to drink, and the toddler screamed that she wanted a milkshake. The mother replied calmly to her daughter that she did not “earn” a milkshake for the day. She went on to tell her daughter that she is not allowed to try to hit her baby brother and as a result of her actions, she is not going to be rewarded. I was genuinely surprised that this woman had taken the time to explain to her child why she was in trouble. That does not occur often, especially when a mother is in public. After examining my textbook, I realized that the mother had exemplified inductive discipline. She also had completed it within a time frame where her daughter would be most likely to learn from her actions. As a result, her daughter would be less likely to repeat her undesirable behavior, therefore making the mother's decision to quickly rebuke her daughter an effective discipline technique. Unfortunately, while the mother was not stern or mean with her daughter, the toddler burst into tears and tried to stomp off into a different area. The mother quickly paid for the meal and hastily grabbed her daughter's hand before her daughter agitatedly walked into a large throng of European tourists. The poor temperament that the toddler exhibited did not appear to be genetic, because the mother, while exhausted, appeared to retain a sense of good humor as s... ... middle of paper ... ...daughter what she had done wrong and why she was not going to get a milkshake as a result of her behavior. This method is extremely effective when rearing children because strong communication helps the child understand how their behavior impacts other people and how to learn to control their behavior. The little girl that I observed is less likely to misbehave again because her mother used inductive discipline to clearly communicate what is considered acceptable. In contrast, parents who are uninvolved in their child's life have very low levels of self- esteem and social disturbance very early on in their lives. This results in the child most likely growing up to be less successful than their well-cared for peers. The neglected children most likely exhibit deviant behavior as a result of their parents never clearly communicating what they expected from their child.
The second of the two is the permissive-indifferent parent. This particular parent does not really care about what their children do. This parent may not even be actively involved in their children’s lives, thus ignoring them. In this case, it is what is easiest for the parent. Often, the child’s needs and demands are ignored and neglected and can lead to behavioral issues down the road when the child tries to seek attention elsewhere. This type of parenting consists of low demands and low responsiveness from the
However, in this type of parenting style, authoritative parents are more responsive to their child, more willing to listen to questions and more forgiving rather than punishing when their child fail to meet expectations. These parents are more supportive, rather than punitive, also, they focus on making their child confident and socially responsible.(Baumrind, 1966). In authoritarian parenting style, children are expected to follow the strict rules and regulation established by the parents. The parents are too demanding and directive but not really responsive towards their children. They are also status-orientated and children are expected to obey their rules without any explanations (Baumrind, 1991). Then, there is the permissive parenting style in which the parents rarely discipline their child because they have low expectations of maturity and self-regulation. Permissive parent is more responsive, non-traditional and lenient towards their child. They are nurturing and very open with their child (Baumrind, 1991). Lastly, neglectful parenting style is those parents who have both low demandingness and responsiveness towards their children. These parents are generally detached from their child’s life and in some cases; they may even reject or neglect their child’s needs (Maccoby & Martin,
Aragona, J., & Eyeberg, S. "Neglected children: Mothers' reports of child behavior problems and observed verbal behavior." Child Development 52 (1995): 596-602.
There is a difference between abuse and discipline and when this line is crossed, children cannot benefit from positively reinforced behavior. Neglect and abuse are not functions of discipline, and should never be used to punish your child. The point of disciplining children is to teach them right from wrong not to make them live in fear of making mistakes. Parents need to understand the fine line between abuse and discipline. Discipline should be positive reinforcement, it should be consistent, and it should be a learning opportunity for the child. Child abuse and neglect will affect the parent-child relationship, it will brutalize the parents, and can affect the child's life forever. It is important to positively reinforce good behavior and discipline to benefit both the children and the parents.
The type of approach to discipline a child that the parents use have a dramatic impact on their relationship between them and the child’s development to adulthood. Research have found that there are four major types of parenting styles depending on what parents think the child needs from them. These are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and uninvolved. The purpose is to explain the difference between them and the effect on their child development.
The first type of parenting style is the authoritarian parenting style. It may sound almost like the previous style of parenting but, it’s highly disparate compared to an authoritative parent because they are characterized as being a demanding parent without having the responsibility to guide their children if there were any circumstance. After acknowledging how an authoritarian parent might nurture an infant, I view myself having a low self-esteem, having difficulty with social occasions, and tend to be anxious around my peers. Furthermore, the next style of parenting is a permissive parent. They are known as an indulgent parent or a lenient parent without any worries of committing harmful style of parenting. Acknowledging the fact that I have lenient parents, I will lack in self-discipline, demanding, and insecure. Lastly, the last style of parenting is rejecting-neglecting parents who expects low expectations and low comfort towards their children. The description of a rejected and neglected child is acquiring low self discipline, lack expressions of love, and difficulty of establishing a concrete relationship at the time of
An example can be if Timmy decides he wants to go to a party on Friday. His parents tell him he has to be back by 9:00 pm. He gets angry and decides to come back home at 11:00 pm. When he gets home his parents punish him by beating him with a stick. They do not explain to him why they are hitting him or they do not take the time to ask why he has arrived home late. As a result to this form of discipline the children usually react quickly and do not make an attempt to negotiate with their parents in fear that they will receive more discipline. The outcome of this type of parenting style is that the child usually becomes unfriendly, anxious, distrusted, and withdrawn. Most of them also have a low self-esteem. A positive outcome is that the child becomes academically successful beca...
One of the main focuses on research on neglect is the emphasis on mothers rather than fathers. Neglect is frequently interpreted ad a failure in mothering (Swift, 1995). In more recent years there has been a push towards recognizing the important roles fathers play in the development and well being of their children (Flouri and Buchanan, 2003). Among the variables that have been studied as risk factors for child neglect are demographic characteristics, parenting behaviour (as measured through self-report questionnaires and behavioural observations), parenting attitudes (including attributions and expectations for child's behaviour), and certain personality variables (such as anger, confidence, self-esteem, and impulse control).
It can be said for most parents that they want their children to grow up to be successful contributing members of society. Being a parent is a difficult, yet rewarding task. But why do some types of parenting result in juvenile delinquency while others find success. There are four generally recognized parenting styles and are categorized: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. This essay will break down the various styles, its type(s) of discipline and effectiveness.
Parenting styles have the capacity of influencing a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which would then affect the child both in their childhood years, and as an adult.
Such type of parenting is also called uninvolved, dismissive or detached parenting (Stephen Walton, 2012). These parents are not strict and are very low in warmth and control. They usually don’t get involved in their child’s life. Parents do not engage with their children and do not set limits for them, which gives them freedom to do whatever they want and live their own lives without any restrictions. Parents generally don’t demand anything and are also low in responsiveness. Parents are not emotionally supportive to their children, but they still provide them their basic needs such as housing, food or money. Benefits of this type of parenting is that children tend to get mature and independent beyond their age. This parenting helps children to build an internal sense of discipline. Parents adopt this type of parenting style so that their children learn to toughen up themselves and learn to be independent. Many children don’t like the interference of their parents so some parents adopt such type of parenting
Baumrind, Diana (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.
I always believed that you could see the effects of bad parenting, by studying the youth of today opposed to the youth of sixty years ago. The effects of bad parenting can be measured in many different ways. One of the things that we all forget about is “lead by example”. What we as adults, teach our children, is what our future generations will be as people.
These parents do not force a regimen of study time nor do they put an enormous amount of pressure on their child to perform well in school, athletics, or extracurricular activities. This, in slight comparison to the uninvolved parent, neither indicates positive nor negative reinforcement, but the parents still maintain a level of interest and involvement in the child’s life. Permissive parents are frequently referred to as “indulgent,” as they are known as more of a responsive group of parents rather than a stricter, more structured group. There are some benefits to the permissive style that are not seen throughout the authority based styles not yet discussed. Permissive and indulgent parenting can account for a much more independent and self-motivated child, as the lack of forced and negative reinforcement can allow for the child to learn to take care of himself or herself at a younger age. Additionally, permissive parenting can open up lines of communication with a child much easier than the other parenting styles. A permissive parent will often be considered a friend by their child, especially as the child reaches late teenage to early adult years. This communication can bring healthy parental relationships for decades after the child has passed an age of depending on his or her
That also affects the child academic performance as well. Another example Seltzer mentions was corporal punishment leads to increased aggression, which in this case the child is disruptive or destructive in different setting like school and other occasions. Moreover, the child later on in life is correlated with drugs and alcohol abused. In the ending of the article, Seltzer discusses that non-corporal forms of punishment are not the answer either. If the child is still given aggressive response, rather its manipulating, yelling, reprimanding, threatening or verbal reactions to the children’s misbehavior, it can have a significant negative consequence on the child’s mental and emotional development. Seltzer gives ways for a parent to use less negative response when approaching a child bad behavior, for example; more respectful of the child in letting them know in advance which specific behavior that is bad to do, carried out unemotionally and finally, more appropriate with the unacceptable behavior. Even though these are still punishment, however the child will receive the message that these performances are not wrong but