Figura 8 Figura 9
Producción de cobre de la Mediana Minería Participación de la Mediana Minería en la producción de cobre (miles de ton)
Fuente: Sernageomin Fuente: Sernageomin
Este sector también aportó con una producción de oro de 7.243 kg, equivalente al 14,5% del total nacional. La producción de plata alcanzó a 105.367 toneladas, equivalente a un 8,8% de la producción del país, siendo un subproducto de la minería del cobre y del oro.
Cabe señalar que la producción nacional de cinc y plomo proviene exclusivamente de la mediana minería, alcanzando dicha producción 26.700 y 410 toneladas respectivamente durante el 2012. Otro mineral, donde la mediana minería tiene relevancia, es en la producción de hierro, siendo ésta de 3.244,2 miles de toneladas en 2012, equivalente al 34,4% del total nacional.
En la Figura 10 se exhibe la participación de la mediana minería en la producción de los principales metales a nivel nacional.
Figura 10
Participación en la producción de metales a nivel nacional de la mediana minería
Fuente: Sernageomin
Por otro lado, la mediana minería exhibe una importante diversificación en su producción de metales como cobre, hierro, molibdeno, zinc, oro, plata y en el sector de no metálicos produce nitratos naturales, litio y yodo.
En cuanto al oro y la plata, la mediana minería ha evidenciado desde el 2010 al 2012 un aumento progresivo en producción (Figura 11 y 12).
Figura 11 Figura 12
Producción de oro histórica Producción de oro histórica de la mediana minería de la mediana minería
Fuente: Sernageomin Fuente: Sernageomin
En términos de empleo directo, la mediana minería del cobr...
... middle of paper ...
...llones, permitiendo a la empresa obtener una producción del orden de 40 Ktpa de cobre en cátodos.
Propiedad minera
La propiedad minera en Chile se encuentra concentrada en la gran minería (Figura 15 y 16), sin embargo, determinados yacimientos, dado su tamaño no son rentables para ser explotados por las grandes empresas.
Esto ha generado que grandes compañías mineras realicen joint ventures con otras de menor tamaño para que estos yacimientos sean explotados a menor escala.
Además, la Ley 19.137 permite a Codelco transferir a Enami propiedad minera, que no corresponda a sus yacimientos en actual explotación. En este contexto, Enami a su vez ha realizado procesos de transferencias de dichas pertenencias a productores de mediana y pequeña minería con el objeto de diversificar la propiedad minera y así potenciar la exploración y explotación minera en el país.
El desarrollo desde la economía se percibe como el avance monetario progresivo de sus habitantes, ha sido considerado a través del tiempo como la capacidad que tiene un país de industrializarse y adquirir más bienes y servicios.
The working conditions in the Maquiladoras endanger workers. Women workers are denied access to social, maternity, and health benefits (Woman’s Labor). Woman are at a disadvantage if they get pregnant. There are no benefits for these workers to fall back on, as soon as they get pregnant they are fired because the factory managers do not want to pay a medical leave. In such cases, workers can easily be replaced and there are dramatic changes in employment for families. “Government oversight is poor. There are not enough inspectors. There is no obligatory inspection scheme, only a voluntary one, and inspections are arranged in advance, with no surprise visits” (Godoy). No inspections of the maquiladora work environment leaves room for factories to have no responsibility on keeping the work environment safe. The factories try to cover up the bad conditions by arranging inspections. There are no safety standards for the employees which leads to a dangerous work space. Workers receive $3.40 an hour, not enough to support a family (Shah). The pay received by workers is low, lower then minimum wage resulting i...
The economy of Latin American countries such as Argentina have often focused on only one main product at a time and imported many of the other products needed. Argentina especially followed this economic strategy in the late 1800’s. Latin American countries focus on one product it does well and does not stray from that product. The countries were just following trends and taking advantage of what the market dictates is a worthwhile product. This strategy can fall short of having long-term success and lead to a land of poverty. This was the case in most every country in Latin America, and all the economy revolved around the growth of industry in each country. Technology, increased immigration, European influence, and political policy all influenced the economic state of Latin American countries and led to economic struggles.
The subsoil is likewise a source of riches. An example of this is the world’s largest open cast coalmine, located on the peninsula of La Guajira, which pro...
...istry of mines and energy as authorities expect that startup of new mine project will boost export volumes.
Although the contribution of mining to GDP has decreased over the last few decades, Honduras is now presented with an important opportunity to explore its untapped mineral potential. Currently, there are only seven metallic mines and about 300 non-metallic mines in Honduras. Yet, the country has significant reserves of iron oxide, and there are about 160 pending permit requests for exploration and feasibility studies. The revised Mining Law passed in April 2013 provides an improved framework to promote investment in the sector. In addition, offshore oil exploration is underway, and a commercially viable discovery could significantly improve the trade balance, encourage foreign investment and bolster government revenues, all of which would help to reinforce macroeconomic stability. However, for extractive industries to effectively promote long-term growth and sustainable social development appropriate transparency and accountability mechanisms must be in place. In light of Honduras fragile ecology, environmental protection must also be accorded a high priority. Finally, high-value extractable resources have a history of fomenting instability in developing countries, and steps must be taken to ensure that any new resource development does not further undermine the rule of
...graphy." Mining Techniques of the Sierra Nevada and Gold Country. N.p., n.d. 16 May 2014. .
The excitement for mining and excavating for minerals was sparked in prospectors and people looking for an easy way of profit in the 60’s.This second gold rush of speaks, despite most of the minerals they were after was more on the lines of copper, nickel, iron and the like, brought high hopes of those wanting to get rich fast. Though thousands had hope in making money from mining on their own, many excavators found little gold on their own efforts. Most needed to actually find work in mines. But, they almost got something even better. The v...
...crative mineral income. With the seizure of the natural products the Chilean national treasury was able to grow by 900% from 1879-1902 mainly due from the taxes of the acquired land.12 From 1902-1921 Chilean ownership of the nitrate grew from 15% to 51%, and established Chile and a global contributor in the nitrate industry.13
Gold mining has had a significant economic, social, and environmental impact in Colombian history. Thousands of years ago artisanal mining in Colombia was a practice without any chemicals involved; however, since 1850 artisanal and industrial mines use chemicals to optimize gold extraction. Because of this, mining has become incom...
TQM... Sofía. Al ver esto, la madre empezó a abrir uno y otro, y en cada CD había un papel,
The process of mining involves the removal of non-renewable resources. There are two main types of mining, surface mining and underground mining. This practice has been ongoing since pre-historic times. In my research on mining, the process of taking out valuable materials from within the Earth that cannot be grown or made. Substances that are mined include; limestone, oil, gold and diamonds. The mined materials are used under the pretense to make life better. However, it is also used for consumerism such as diamonds to show a status or a symbol of wealth. The mined materials are driven by human demands and it is an economy within itself due to millions of dollars that it brings.
Rio Tinto has the people, the capabilities and the resources to apply a world’s hunger for minerals and metals that are used in the everyday life, in the diverse of products – for the mobile phones to cars.
Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from the earth. Topics in this paper I’ll be specifically discussing are pros and cons of mining, structures of a mine, mining in general, California gold rush, diamonds in Africa, and comparison of diamond and gold mines.
Warhurst, A. (1999). Mining and the environment: case studies from the Americas. Ottawa, ON, Canada: International Development Research Centre.