Erik Erikson developed eight stages of what he calls psychosocial development. During these eight stages, an infant matures to adulthood and with each passing stage, the person is to face new challenges and master each stage. If one doesn’t complete a stage, a problem could start in later stages. One doesn’t have to master each stage to advance through Erikson’s stages, however. Erikson’s first stage of his theory is focused on the infant's needs being met by the parents with this interaction leading to basic trust or basic mistrust. This stage typically lasts from birth until two years. In this stage, the infant is completely dependent upon the mother for food and care. This gives the child the understanding of interaction with the world through the parents. If the parents dependable at showing affection, the infant's will have trust, but if the parents neglect the infant, the infant will develop mistrust. Erikson’s second stage is the autonomy vs shame and doubt. This stage lasts from about two years to four years. The child learns motor abilities and begins to explore the world around them. The parents are a strong security source. Encouragement from the parents creates autonomy in the child. Children during this time period develop interests. Toddlers begin to satisfy their own needs such as feeding and dressing themselves. In Erikson’s third stage occurs in the four to five year old range, right around the time of preschool. In this stage, the child is mastering the world around them by conquering skills and learning the properties of physics with objects. They learn how to count and speak easily. They learn the emotion of guilt. They also learn courage and independence by taking initiative with risk-taking activities such ... ... middle of paper ... ...nd adjust to the physical changes of middle age to name a few. Erikson’s eighth stage is the ego integrity vs. despair stage that occurs from around the age of sixty-five through death. Growing older slows down productivity and we contemplate our accomplishments to see if we lead a successful life. If we see our life as unproductive or that we didn’t meet our goals, we develop despair and depression. In conclusion, Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development are fascinating. Erikson’s theory seems to be the most accurate of the three psychologists. His theory almost pinpointed me exactly where I am in the stage of my life. I have experienced all of Erikson’s stages up until the stage that I am currently in. Works Cited Fowler, James W. Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981. Print.
Psychosocial stage of development The theory of personality of Erik Erikson is among one of the most important theories used to explain how people develop their personality. Although a psychoanalyst, Erikson not merely considered the psychosexual aspect as the mere factors that contributed to the development of individuals’ personality, but also took into account the psychosocial aspect. Erikson divided personality development into eight stages: basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair, (Cervone & Pervin, 2013; Johnson & Ahmad, 2014; Maitland, 2011). According to this theory, I have been greatly influenced by the stage four: industry vs. inferiority.
The First stage in Erickson’s theory is trust vs. mistrust, this stage occurs during infancy, from birth to one years old. This stage is all about trust, it is the stage where you hopefully begin to trust not only yourself but others as well (Crandell and Crandell p. 36). An infant gains trust in infancy because they can not do anything for themselves, they depend on others to do everything for them therefore in this stage they develop trust in others, their caregivers, that they will do all that they can to take care of their well-being. Developing trust in infancy is crucial because this makes the individual grow up feeling safe and secure in the world. A positive outcome of an infant developing trust is that they grow up feeling safe in the world, a negative outcome would be that the individual grows up in fear of the world. There is no way to develop one hundred percent trust or one hundred percent doubt, Erikson believed that the best way to come out of this stage is with a balanc...
Erik Erikson’s eight Stages of man; politically known as the eight stages of psychosocial development. He promotes social interactions as a motivation to personality development. Erickson studied stages from the beginning of the life cycle to the later stages of life. Erickson was trained under the famous Sigmund Freud. His belief was that it wasn’t only sex that motivated personality development. Social interaction and a growing sense of competence is the key to it all. Because his beliefs differed from the beliefs of Freud, Erikson quickly began to work on his own. Erickson has focused on many different eras of psychological development.
Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that occur through life. These stages help parents of younger children understand what the child is thinking and why they are acting the way that they do. For a person to become a well-rounded adult they need to succeed in each level. This essay will discuss the first six stages into young adulthood.
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. Piaget’s theory is similar his first stage (sensorimotor) happens between birth and two years of age. They both believe that infants start to get an understanding of life during their first two years of life. In these stages infants began to learn to trust and mistrust. Piaget and Erikson first stages can impact the infant's life for a lifetime. Both Theorists express their stages in a similar manner, Cognitive development also takes place with language being understood in the first few years of life. Psychosocial development is when security and safety at younger ages lead to a better view on the surroundings of a
Erikson’s eight stages of life form a guideline of development. Each stage has the possibility of success and failure. With success one can lead a confident and self assured life. However, failure will lead to a life filled with feelings of regret, despair, and inadequacy. Society, family, and self exploration play a huge role in each stage. Each stage also offers its own, unique framework and goal.
The first stage of Erikson’s theory occurs in infancy, which occurs roughly from birth to 18 months. Infancy is an important stage according to Erikson’s theory. In this stage, the individual learns how to trust other individuals. If all the individual’s needs are met in this stage...
The first stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the Trust vs. Mistrust stage. This stage is from birth to about one year of age. This is the time when an infant child learns to depend on another for affection, comfort, and nutrition eventually learning to blindly trust the primary caregivers to provide these things (Cooper, 1998). When the infants needs are met, then the infant develops a specific attachment with their caregiver, if the outcome is negative then the infant learns to mistrust the people around them and the environment that they are in. This brings us to the next stage in psychosocial
Erik Erikson composed a theory of psychological development that was composed of eight stages. Erikson’s theory focuses on how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society. According to Erikson, “Each stage of human development presents its characteristic crises. Coping well with each crisis makes an individual better prepared to cope with the next.” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013, p. 314) According to Erikson’s eight stages of development, I have only been through six of the eight stages.
Erikson’s first stage was trust verses mistrust and it occurred from zero to 18 months of age. The point of this stage is to establish trust. Erikson believed this was the most important period in a person’s life. Since a baby depends entirely on his/her parents, the care giving plays an important role in the shaping of this stage (Cherry, 2011). If the child successfully develops trust then the child will feel safe and secure in the world, but the lack can lead to thoughts of an inconsistent and unpredictable world (Cherry, 2011). In the business world, the lack of trust can create a whole new problem. The lack of trust can lead to the “…unseen cost in life and business…” as said by Stephen Covey (2006). Lack of trust creates “…hidden agendas and a guarded communication, which slows the decision-making process” (Covey, 2006). When there isn’t trust in a situation, it hinders productivity, innovation (Covey, 2006).
Erikson’s theory emphasized how both earlier and later experiences are proportionately important in the person’s development and how personality develops beyond puberty. But, Freud would argue that most development occurs during the earlier period of an individual’s life. Freud’s psychosexual stages comprised of five stages that ends in puberty. Erikson’s first few psychosocial stages are somewhat similar to that of Freud’s stages one to three but Erikson further expands his developmental stages to eight, covering old age.
Each of the eight stages in Erikson’s theory has its own crisis and achievement period. One stage must be completed successfully in order to move on to the next. If not completed fully, an individual might have an abnormal development and perhaps later return to the stage to try to resolve it, causing disruptions to the person’s normal life responsibilities. Even Erikson talked about this crisis and termed it “Identity Crisis.” However, Erikson stated that most adolescents do eventually achieve a sense of identity and realize who they are, what they want, and where they are headed in
In Erik Erikson’s theory, he believes that all humans go through eight phases throughout their entire life. According to Erikson, during the early childhood development, a child passes through three phases. These three phases include the toddler (Autonomy v. Shame), preschool (Initiative v. Guilt), and elementary school (Industry v. Inferiority). You should be able to tell the difference of a child who is brought up in a healthy or unhealthy environment. Toddlers will take pride in their actions or they will throw temper tantrums. Preschoolers will take responsibility or accuse others for their behavior or actions. And children in the elementary school phase will either be successful or unsuccessful when learning new abilities. In his work, Erikson was trying to point out that “Each stage is an emotional crisis or a turning point, in personality, and the crisis in each stage must be successfully met for normal, healthy psychological development.” (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p.
Erikson believes that during this stage, children will seek approval from others by displaying skills that are valued by others. Additionally, he believes that if this initiative continues, the child will develop confidence in their ability to achieve their goals. During the first few stages of both theories, we see challenges in the development of the child and we also see challenges that a child might face during some, if not all, forms of attachment theory. For example, a parent ignoring the child and speaking to them in a negative manner during insecure-avoidant attachment can be challenging for a child and lead to insecurities and the feeling of not being loved and/or wanted.