1. The product life cycle is essential when a firm is a managing a product. While a product is in the introductory phase of its life cycle the customer is going through a learning process. Firms must consider this learning process when determining how much to spend on marketing strategies, the firm must understand that it will spend a lot of money to make the customer aware of their product and they wont see a lot of sales. During the growth phase of the life cycle the firm will see fast growth which will lead to profits or they will break even. The firm will also see declining expenditures so to properly manage their product they should concentrate more on building and holding customers rather than focusing on innovators and early adopters. At the beginning of the maturity phase sale will increase but slower because the market becomes saturated so the firm must work harder to maintain customers to keep profits from declining rapidly. Firms should focus on customer loyalty and try to increase usage by each user. When a product begins to decline a firm could either move the product to a new market in a different country or they could leave the product in the same market but not spend money on marketing the product and focus more on other products they could market.
2. Attending a sporting event is a service, by attending you are being provided with entertainment which is a form of a service.
a. A sporting event is intangible you are receiving the entertainment which cannot be physically touched or compared to another product easily, you must compare the product by comparing to it another experience you had or someone else told you about. A sporting event is inseparable, we can see this by looking at the three aspects of inseparability. First the service providers involvement clearly the service provider is present in that the players are physically playing in front of you. Second the customers are directly involved in the service experience, just take the Detroit vs. Indiana basketball game where players and fans were involved in a fist fight in Detroit. Although this may have been a bad experience for the fans it shows just how involved fans are with sporting event. Third other customers are involved with your experience, like the drunk at the game who is cheering for the other team.
Collins, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000
Sport fans, sometimes also called sport devotees, followers, or supporters, are persons who are enthusiastically devoted to a particular athlete, team or sport. They may show their enthusiasm by often attending sporting events or watch on television, being members of a fan club, follow sport news through newspapers, online websites, and creating fanzines. Their disposition is often such that they will experience a game or event by living through their favored players or teams. These behaviors manifest itself in different ways. To enable better understanding of these behavioral patterns, we have to classify these sports fans into groups based on their devotion to teams: fair-weather fans, bandwagon and the super-fans.
Collins, Patricia Hill. "Mammies, Matriarchs, and Other Controlling Images." Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge, 2000. 89. Print.
The next step is the growth stage. In this stage product growth is monitored and big investments are made. Maturity stage the growth of the outputs is significant. For the company to ensure product survival in the market and gain a competitive advantage over competitors it has to incorporate product differentiation. The final stage involves product decline stage. In this juncture product sale goes down and the product identification
Ruiz, Delia. Women of Color in Modern Society. New York, NY: Harper and Row Press,
"The Struggle for Women's Equality in Black America." The Struggle for Women's Equality in Black America. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. .
Sports are played worldwide and are reflective of that particular areas cultural view. This has led to a wide variety of sports that are played. Due to this high level of diversity it has become extremely challenging to define what activities are considered a sport verse a recitation activity. Specialists in this field frequently debate this issue, discussing the criteria that should exist when evaluating a sport. The main goal is to make a list concise enough yet, at the same time detailed so it can be used in every sporting model.
On July 18th, my presentation on Dr. Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw’s “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color” further opened my eyes on the similarities of hierarchical power that we all face in an oppressive capitalist society. Moreover, facilitating discussion, helped me grasp the meaning of intersectionality as well as making a connection to Dr. Andrea Smith’s “Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy.”
Zillmann, D., Bryant, J. and Sapolski, B. (1989) ‘The Enjoyment from Sports Spectatorships’, In: J. Goldstein (ed.) Sports, Games and Play: Social and Psychological Viewpoints. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 241-278.
As Jekyll reached adult hood, he found himself living a dual life. He had become more curious in discovering his other side. Jekyll insists, “Man is not truly one, but truly two” (125). This eventually led Jekyll into the scientific interests of separating his good and evil side, and he finds a chemical concoction that transforms him into a more wicked man, Edward Hyde. At first, Hyde was of pure impulse, but in the end, he became dominate and took control over Jekyll. Jekyll had never intended to hurt anyone, but he was aware that something could potentially go wrong. Jekyll presumes, “I knew well that I risked death, for any drug that so potently shook the very fortress of identity… utterly blot that immaterial tabernacle which I looked to it to change” (127-129). One could say this makes Jekyll equally as menacing as Hyde. Jekyll couldn’t control the imbalance between the two natures. Jekyll foolishly allowed his evil side to flourish and become stronger. This is shown when Jekyll has awoken to find that he has turned into Hyde without taking the solution. Jekyll says, “But the hand in which I now saw, clearly enough in the yellow light of a mid- London morning…It was the hand of Edward Hyde” (139).
Due to clear evidence that women had to produce labor and endure the same treatment- sometimes worse treatment than man, she herself should be placed at the same level with the upmost respect. From bearer, to nanny, to maid and to sex slave the black woman should be praised for being so strong because they were subjected to many things that no white woman would ever have to endure by force. What is a woman’s place and why must she stay in it? Collins breaks down the black feminist logic and why the black woman should not be afraid to express herself and demand rights and respect that is rightfully hers. Collins not only breaks down the feminist thought she generally argues the reality that a subordinate group goes through way different experiences than a dominant group. In the introduction of her book Collins expresses that she won’t use “academic language” throughout so it can be an easy read for all. Ruth Shays one of Collins interviewees, believes that a formal education is not the only route to knowledge and credits common sense for getting her through many
Black Women’s Studies plays an important role in the discipline of Africana Studies. Black women studies is the history, cultures and experiences of black women. The important subjects of black women studies are, gender,race, and class. These studies look at the social context to understand racism and sexism. Black women who are not always represented as intellectuals have been able to rearticulate the knowledge of everyday Black women as Black intellectuals. A large number of scholars from the working class and poor Black areas entered schools during the period of social upheaval in the 60s and 70s. Spaces opened up in graduate schools through struggle, and traditionally white departments in the social sciences and the humanities expanded
What is a black woman's position in this world? Where exactly do they belong? These questions pose as a response to the racism and sexism, that black women endure that ultimately impacts their lives. During the 60’s and 70’s, black women often found themselves lost, not having a exact position in which they belong to. There was the civil rights movement along with the feminist movement, but where exactly did women of color fit in? They played a pivotal role in the movement, but received little recognition in return, more importantly they were seen as invisible. What claimed to be the “feminist” movement, fighting for the equality of women, proved itself to be fighting only for the equality of white upper-class women, and forgetting about the oppression of black women.
These factor include culture, social class, reference groups, and family. Culture is defined in the textbook as “the set of learned values, beliefs, language, traditions, and symbols shared by a people and passed from generation to generation” (Shank, 156). UAB Football had been struggling to change the culture of its team, from a losing culture to a winning one, and had began to succeed prior to the December decision. Family is another important factor as marketers usually have to sell the family on being spectators of the sport, in addition to selling the participant. While UAB football didn’t win as many games as the families of the participants would have liked, they did work to create a family atmosphere for the participants and hold events for families of participants. One example of this is UAB’s family weekend which includes a parade, a pre-game tailgate, and a football game (Family Weekend). Jason Martin, Associate Director of Ticket Sales at Ohio State University, also talks about how it is important for the fans of a sport to “feel like they are part of the team” (Jason Martin). Social class and reference groups are the final two external factors that affect participation-consumption behavior. While internal an external factors are fairly consistent to participants, it is Situational factors that are always changing and keeping sports marketers on their
Marketing is a fundamental aspect of all businesses, whether they are set out to make a profit, or charitable organisations - they will have to carry out marketing research of some description. It has been described as being, “the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.” (Chartered Institute of Marketing) This essay will explore the role of marketing in a marketing oriented business and different aspects of the external environment that a smartphone company should be aware of. The points raised throughout will be supported using relevant journals, textbooks and newspaper articles.