Current malaria control strategies in Nigeria
In the last couple of years, the country has developed a system with the ability to provide targeted interventions to its teeming population, despite the many challenges arising as a result of its size; partners have been drawn, with increasing resources, as a result of effective coordination (Roll Back Malaria Partnership & National Malaria Control Program, 2012).
Since the advent of RBM, Nigeria has progressed through three malaria control strategic plans: 2001-2005, 2006-2010 and 2009-2013(most recent). The components of the most recent strategy (2009-2013) are briefly described below (Federal Ministry of health (FMoH), 2006)
Core Malaria Intervention package
A) Prevention of malaria transmission through vector control-The general objectives of this intervention are to reduce human contact with the vector, to reduce the life span and quantity of the adult vector and to reduce the vector breeding site. The indicators and targets for this intervention are-
• Minimum of 80% of homes with Insecticide treated Nets by 2010, maintained at this percentage to 2013,
• minimum of 80% under five children and pregnant women sleeping under ITNs by 2010, maintained at this percentage to 2013,
• at least 85% of structures in targeted areas for Indoor Residual Spraying to be sprayed by 2013,
• increase household coverage of IRS to 20% by 2013 (Federal Ministry of health (FMoH), 2006)
B) Case Management- This includes quick diagnosis and management of malaria cases, especially severe cases. The general objective of this intervention is to scale up diagnosis of malaria in patients five years and older in health facilities to 80% by 2013 (Federal Ministry of health (FMoH), 2006). Specific interventio...
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...r the implementation of malaria related interventions through the Health Management Information System, regularly evaluate the progress of malaria control with respect to outcome and impact indicators through appropriate data collections including Malaria Indicator Surveys, sentinel sites and data from the private sector, strengthen links between the research community and RBM partners in order to ensure that ongoing research is oriented towards the key operational questions and can provide the necessary evidence to continuously improve interventions for malaria control” (Federal Ministry of health (FMoH), 2006).
The measurements follow the general M&E framework recommended by the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (MERG). The basic M&E framework with the proposed inputs, outputs, processes, outcomes and impact measures are shown in Figure 2
1. The contrast between Cottard and the other characters is that while everyone else is in constant fear of catching the plague and doing everything they can to fight the disease, Cottard is cheerful in the fact that the plague has put a stop to the police investigating his mysterious crime . Cottard probably also enjoys the camaraderie of everyone else finally being in the same position as he is.
The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it. So many people have died from this deadly disease and so many are dying from it already, so many more are at risk and they must be aware.
According to World Health Organization, the statics show that: - The world needs 17 million more health workers, especially in Africa and South East Asia. - African Region bore the highest burden with almost two thirds of the global maternal deaths in 2015 - In Sub-Saharn Africa, 1 child in 12 dies before his or her 5th birthday - Teenage girls, sex workers and intravenous drug users are mong those left behind by the global HIV response - TB occurs with 9.6 million new cases in 2014 - In 2014, at least 1.7 billion people needed interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (“Global Health Observatory data”, n.d.) B. A quote of Miss Emmeline Stuart, published in the article in
Onwujekwe , Chima, and Okonkwo (2000) showed that the average expenditure of each household per month on malaria treatment was $1.84, which accounted for 49.87% of curative health care costs incurred by the households. In a similar study, Russell (2004) found that direct malaria cost burden was 2.9% of household income per month. Studies in Africa also showed that indirect cost based on travel time, lost labour time for adults with malaria attack or those who have to stay off work to care for children among others, make up more than 75% of total household malaria costs. Malaria tends to reduce education funds capability and has effects on school attendance (Malaney, Spielman, & Sachs,
There are a number of symptoms associated with quick detection of malaria they are, being irritable, troubled sleep, poor appetite and drowsiness. Soon after people infected usua...
Although the Columbian Exchange allowed for the beneficial exchange of cultures, ideas, foods, and animals around the world during the 1450-1750 time period, it also had a dark side. One detrimental result of the Columbian Exchange would be the spreading of smallpox from Europe to the New World.
For several years, I have had an interest in virology and the spread and characteristics of various infectious diseases. Though it makes sense not to possibly induce a state of panic by informing individuals of illnesses that are not native to the area they live in and that they are not likely to contract, I have always liked to remain informed out of my own curiosity and interest. Thus, I have decided to write about malaria.
The seventh major case of Endangered Specie. Specific species of mosquito play host to one phase of various disease organisms they are the cause of major diseases that lead to human compilation. Most people don’t find it wrong to wipe the entire mosquito species in other to prevent human diseases such as sleeping sick, malaria, and human
Malaria is a disease that is caused by parasites. It is transferred from one person to another by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria has been a serious health problem nowadays. WHO has provided the information that approximately 660,000 people died from malaria globally during 2010. Also, after estimating, there are 219 million cases of malaria infection in 2010 worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, being one the country that has the high rate of HIV, AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, had 90% of the people that...
In likeness to Aids, the malaria virus can be in your body for up to
...ary 2014)”. The Ebola epidemic helps remind the U.S. That other nations are there to work with them, and unite to prevent a rapid growing disease. CDC partners with programs from other nations, such as the Global Disease Detection Centers, and the Field Epidemiology Training Program, which work to stop the Ebola virus. Information systems will grow stronger, more partnerships dedicated to stopping outbreaks will be formed and laboratory security will also grow. The writer of the paper cannot agree more to this.
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
"Pesticides." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 18 July 2005. Web. 20 May 2011. .
...at researchers are doing to try to eradicate malaria in underdeveloped countries such as Africa.
The main goal of vector control is to eliminate all of the population. But it is not easy as we say to accomplish this goal. However, if the selection pressure that is put on a population is greater, the susceptibility may be lost also will faster. If the individuals possessing susceptible genes emigrate from untreated areas, they will dilute and compete with the resistance genes in the overall population. We need detect the resistance at an early stage and also must do an early step in a vector control programme so that timely management can be implemented and the significance of immigration of untreated insects can be estimate. We also must consider the risk of insecticide resistance during planning a resistance management programme.