Cancer is a group of diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion and spread of cells from the site of origin, or primary sites to other sites in the body.most of the cancer i.e. 85 %occur in ephithelial cell and are classified as carcinomas
Lungs cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed major cancer and the common cause of cancer’s death. Almost all carcinomas in the lungs cancer is similar to that of cancer at other sites, which takes place due to repeated deposition of genetic abnormalities that converts beningn epithelium to beningn epithelium
Factors that causes lungs cancer
Tobacco smoking: statistics reveal that 87% of lung carcinoma occur in active smoker.
Industrial hazards: exposures to certain industrial hazards such as uranium, asbestos increases the risk of developing lung cancer
Air pollution: pollutants such as radon ubiquitous radioactive gas causes lungs cancer if inhaled
Molecular genetics: The exposure to the above factors alters the genetics components, and ultimately leads to neoplastic phenotype. Lungs cancer are divided into two types i.e. small cell carcinoma and non- small cell carcinoma. Both types have some molecular lesions similarities, while others are quite specific. The prevailing oncogenes that are frequently involved in lung cancer are c-MYC, KRAS, c-MET and c-KIT. And the most inactivated tumor suppressor genes are p53, RBI, p16(INK-4a) and multiple loci on chromosome 3p, where numerous tumor genes such as FHIT,RASFFIA and others genes which are yet to identified are present in the loci. In small cell lung carcinoma various genes such as C-KIT(40-70%),MYCN and MYCL(20-30%), p53 (90%), 3P(100%),RB(90%) and BCL2(75-90%) are mostly involved where as in non-small cell lung ...
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...the surgery should be carried out if the cancer is not beyond N0/1 stage .Compare to small cell carcinoma, NSLC is less responsive to chemo therapy, but chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Small cell carcinoma is widely metasized by the time of diagnosis, and treatment, while palliative, can markedly extend survival. Other therapies such as laser photo therapy, cytotherapy, and brachytherapy are also employed. As the rise in no. of biomarkers being identified, early detection of lung cancer through non radiological way is becoming possible. biomarkers still under evaluation includes markers of genetics, histological and phenotypic tissue changes associated with carcinogens. Most of these methods involve screening of bronchial epithelia, as biopsies, obtained from sputum or through blood samples. The most convenient way to obtain specimens is through bronchoscopy.
Lung Cancer can be defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in either one or both lungs of an organism. These abnormal cells divide and multiply to create unhealthy tissue or tumors inside of the lungs. These tumors interfere with the lungs ability to deliver oxygen to the body.
According to “Medical News Today” cancer is a disease that is caused by an over growth of anomalous cells on one or more lungs. Cells often go up the air pipes which can cause difficulty to breath. Due to the over production of cells the tissue cells often begin to over produce; which results in tumors. There are two types of tumors: malignant and benign. Malignant tumors are the more dangerous of the two due to its invasive nature; which makes it cancerous. While benign is not invasive in other words non-cancerous. This is why cancer spreads to multiple areas and can be sometimes very difficult to fight. Cancer cells are abnormal not only because of their evasive nature, but also because of its irregular life cycle. Rather than expire like a regular cell, they continuously grow and duplicate which causes the disease to spread. This makes cell abnormal in shape and other qualities; known as a sickle cell. Due to the large growth and reproduction rate of the cells this makes the spreading of the cancer more rapid. Each cancer has specific symptom, for lung cancer the sympto...
The working of the lungs is vital to the human physical structure. They provide the body with oxygen to keep the cells happy and help to maintain homeostasis. There are many carcinogens that cause cancer leading to the lungs not to doing their job. Sometimes the cancer spreads and causes metastases. The patient’s medical diagnosis is malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung brain metastases.
Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of many cells that appears in one lung or even both. This type of cancer generally lines the air passages in the lungs. These uncontrolled cells grow, not becoming cell tissue, but into tumors (Crosta). Tumors form because the abnormal cells in the lungs are not the right lung cells. They are mutated and cannot be killed like normal. Once the known tumors become oversized, they take over and cause the lung or lungs not to do their jobs (Crosta). There is primary Lung Cancer and secondary. Primary lung cancer is treated differently than secondary because, primary starts in the lungs, while secondary starts somewhere else in the body, making its way to the lungs. Lung cancer is grouped in two categories ' which are non-small cell and small cell (Marks). There are four different types of cancer.
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. Although, it is a challenging cancer to treat more ways and treatments are being presented and studied daily. Lung cancer is a deadly disease that presents many problems in a person’s life. There are ways to decrease your chance of developing cancer, but there are too many environmental factors that play a role in cancer to be sure you can positively prevent it.
The cancer cells from gene-mutation. Scientists now know some of the risk factors for lung cancer can cause certain changes in the DNA of lung cells. These changes can lead to not normal cell growth and, sometimes, cancer. DNA is the chemical in each of our cells that makes up our genes and how our cells function. People usually look like their parents because they are the source of our DNA. But DNA affects more than how we look; it also can affect our risk for developing certain diseases, including some kinds of cancer like lung cancer etc…Some people inherit DNA mutation from their parents that greatly increase their risk for developing certain cancers.
Many people try to quit smoking but it still is very possible to develop lung cancer years after you quit. The risk of second hand smoke is real and women are at a higher risk to develop cancer this way. In addition, there is evidence that lung cancer in people who never smoke have a better prognosis than in those who do smoke, and that patients ...
At the moment, scientists are getting closer to inventing a test to discover whether a person has lung cancer, through a simple blood test.
Lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There are approximately about 180,000 cases that are diagnosed in America, considering that 90% dies thru lung cancer alone. Despite of its number, it is the most preventable of all the cancers. Like every cancer it spreads out fast if not taken seriously, this due the abnormal growth of cells. The abnormal cell growth often leads to the formation of tumor. This cancer is very common and very deadly. The following common symptoms of lung cancer may include excessive coughing, chest pain, shortness in breath, hoarse voice, swelling on the face and neck, unexplained loss of appetite and tiredness. It may be hard to determine, if a person has a lung cancer. The person needs to be aware of his body and see a doctor as soon as possible. The used of x-ray is commonly used for most patients, providing a visual if any tumor exist. Otherwise, the used of CT and MRI scan is used as well, providing better visual on certain patients.
There have been extraordinary progresses in identifying cancer at the cellular level and the question of how cancer cells develop are no longer a secret. Although there are many different types of cancer and almost every tissue can turn into malignancies, the basic processes of how cancer arises are very similar. While normal body cells follow the orderly path of cell cycle and only reproduce when instructed to do so, cancer cells violate the schedule and ignore instructions, it fails to follow the orderly enzymatic reaction which is responsible for the deletion of cells with damaged DNA (Kerr et al. 1994). Cancer cells enter cell cycle repeatedly until it will eventually disrupt the function of tissues and organs that are essential to the organism (Weinberg 1996). Not all types of cancer are fatal, benign cancer is a type of cancer which stays in one location only, in another word it will not m...
Cancer is a genetic disease because it can be traced to alteration within specific genes, but in most cases, it is not an inherited disease. The genetic alterations that lead to most cancers arise in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a somatic cell during the lifetime of affected individual. Because of these genetic changes, cancer cells proliferate uncontrollably, producing malignant tumour that invade surrounding healthy tissue. As long as the growth of tumour remains localized, the disease can usually be treated and cured by surgical removal of tumour. But malignant tumours tend to metastases, that is, to spawn cells that break away from the parent mass, enter the lymphatic or vascular circulation, and spread to distant sites in the body where they establish lethal secondary tumours (metastases) that are no longer amenable to surgical removal. Despite, various exogenous and endogenous factors are known to affect the normal pattern of cell growth, by which cell becomes a cancerous. Species specificity and identity of biological organisms maintain by the unchanged genomic structure throughout their life period. The ratio of cell growth and cell death is strictly balanced through developmental and homeostatic processes in multi-cellular organisms (Bolsover et al, 1997).
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. There are many ways to attract lung cancer. Many people think that the only way to get cancer is by being a smoker but believe it or not you can get cancer without ever even smoking a cigarette. There also are different forms of lung cancer some are life threatening and others aren’t. My goal is for you to know everything about and or dealing with Lung Cancer by the end of this paper. Throughout this paper I will elaborate on those topics and I will also talk about some of the symptoms, and ways to prevent attracting it, cures and a few more topics.
Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign and other tumors are malignant. Benign tumors look similar to the tissues that they came from and develop slowly. The tumor remains in the same area that the tumor originated in. Malignant tumors are formed from cells that do not resemble the tissue that they came from. They vary in shape and size. This enables pieces of the tumor to break off and spread to other places in the body. Over the past few decades cancer has become a very prominent disease. There are many different types of cancer and many different causes for the the disease. Most cancers are because of a genetic mutation. The most common type occur when a cell is dividing. Proto-oncogenes, which are alleles in a normal cells, mutate to form oncogenes. These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis.
Cancer is defined as where the abnormal cells are divided without any control and they are able to invade into tissues. At times cancer can be cured right away once it is detected through treatments that the doctor recommends, but at times cancer cannot be cured based on what stage the cancer is at. It is very important that every individual gets a physical check up to see if they are diagnosed or detected with any sort of cancer or disease. There are 100 types of cancers out there, but the type of cancer that I will be focusing on is Lung cancer. One of the controversial issues on a lung cancer is the ...