Diversification is defined as a method to remove unsystematic risks under the context of mean-variance. Optimal diversification is a collection of portfolios that obtain the highest returns under a certain level of risk or achieve the lowest risk under a given return level. An increasing number of researchers have investigated the optimal method to diversify real estate investment portfolios. An ingenious and appropriate diversification method can bring many benefits to investors，in particular, by reducing investment risk and increasing returns. In general, there are two methods to diverse property portfolios, namely diversification by real estate type and diversification by geographic region. In general, there are three types of real estate in property portfolios: retail, office, and industrial. Many investors pursue the benefits of diversifying investment portfolios through international markets. However, since many countries have limited returns datasets of real estate portfolios, to obtain accurate analysis results about the performance of investment portfolios becomes very difficult. How can diversification be accomplished with insufficient data? What is the best way to achieve property investment portfolio diversification: by region or by type? Should real estate be included in an efficient portfolio? Are real estate investment trusts (REITs) is a good implement to diversify mixed-asset portfolios? These questions have stimulated my great interest. The main purpose of this study is to review the relevant literature and to answer these questions.
LITERRETURE REVIEW
Every researcher has different points of emphasis when analysing and managing property portfolios. Several researchers are concerned about economic aspects tha...
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...imal portfolio for UK and US at any of the three risk levels (low, medium, and high). Under income return analysis, retail and office portfolios are dominated by the US for all three risk levels, while medium- and high-risk industrial portfolios are dominated by the UK property portfolios. Furthermore, in the appreciation return analysis, retail, office and industrial portfolios are all dominant in the UK for medium and high risk levels; however, low-risk portfolios for all the three types property are dominated by the US. When considering income return and appreciation together, for all types of property, US dominates all risk level portfolios, except for low-risk retail and high-risk industrial properties. When all returns are considered simultaneously, both the portfolio of low-risk retail income and high-risk industrial income are dominated by the UK property.
The Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty (Met Council) terminated Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer William Rapfogel in August of 2013 after the Board of Directors became aware of specific information regarding financial irregularities and apparent misconduct in connection with the organization’s insurance policies. As one of New York City’s largest human services agencies, providing over 100,000 New Yorkers each year with assistance in their fight against poverty, the Met Council took this information seriously. In order to ensure the Met Council’s operations are conducted with integrity and that their commitment to uphold high values is continued, the respected leader for over forty years promptly retained outside counsel to perform a full investigation into the matter (Metropolitan Council on Jewish, 2013).
Dimensional's value strategies are based on the Fama/French research in multifactor portfolios designed to capture the return premiums associated with high book-to-market (BtM) ratios.
Veyne, Paul. "Pleasure and Excesses in the Roman Empire." The Roman Empire Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1997. 101-116.
Introduction A literature review is a study written by someone on a specific topic by researching relevant literature available and interpreting it (Aveyard, 2010). A research question is developed and by using relevant literature, the question is analysed in detail (Aveyard, 2010). The literature review is important because it gives you a shorter version of all relevant literature on the topic chosen, this is so the reader does not have to access the number of literatures used (Aveyard, 2010). The writer will conduct a literature review on the following hypotheses: Urban Art is reducing illegal graffiti at Albion station, this is followed by the research question: Is urban art at Albion station reducing illegal graffiti? In the context of the location of this research, it is in Albion, which comes under the Brimbank City Council.
This paper is written to provide a reasonably comprehensive overview of Section 1031 of the IRC as it pertains to real estate transactions, and to offer some thoughts on the wealth-creation advantages that 1031 Exchanges offer.
Philip George Zimbardo is an American psychologist whose most famous work is the prison study, “Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison”, in 1973. This experiment has had an exceptional change in social psychology. In this experiment Zimbardo, Banks, and Haney set out to create a mock prison in order to record and analyze the environment on a person’s overall social behavior as well as how the sample would react socially to being guards or prisoners. Because of the unexpected nature of this experiment, there was no hypothesis formulated (Banks Haney Zimbardo, 1973, p. 72).
Teresa Scott Intro to Psychology Research Analysis Report November 14, 2015 Research Analysis Report: Bullying and Children with ASD The article I chose is on bullying of children with an autism spectrum disorder. It was published by the Interactive Autism Network (IAN), on March 26, 2012. It has since been revised on October 7, 2014. The research report was constructed by Connie Anderson, Ph.D., IAN Community Scientific Liaison.
C. (2006). The investment value of home ownership. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 60(1), 57-65. Retrieved from http://prx-herzing.lirn.net/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.prx-herzing.lirn.net/docview/209622219?accountid=167104
This assignment is concerned with your understanding of the key issues relative to portfolio analysis and investment. In completing this assignment you are to limit your scope to the US stock markets only. Use the Cybrary, the Internet, and course resources to write a 2-page essay which you will use with new clients of your financial planning business which addresses the following issues and/or practices:
The execution of our investment strategy occurred in three stages. First, we invested in t-bills and bonds according to our original set out investment plan. This was to decrease potential losses and risk associated with the declining equity market. Therefore, we invested about two hundred thousand of our funds into these low risk assets to maintain buying power. Due to inflation, we did not want to lose buying power by leaving funds in an account without earning interest. Further, we invested a small portion of funds into the commodity market. With a slumping equity market and a positive outlook on the gold commodity, we invested in Gold Corporation at the same time we invested in income assets.
The following essay will expand on the usefulness and flaws of CAPM and other asset evaluation frameworks and in the end showing that despite all the evidence against CAPM it is still a useful model for determining asset investments.
According to Investopedia (Asset Allocation Definition, 2013), asset allocation is an investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by distributing a portfolio’s assets according to an individual’s goals, risk tolerance and investment horizon. There are three main asset classes: equities, fixed-income, cash and cash equivalents; but they all have different levels of risk and return. A prudent investor should be careful in allocating each asset class to his portfolio. Proper asset allocation is a highly debatable subject and is not designed equally for everybody, but is rather based on the desires and needs of the individual investor. This paper discusses the importance of asset allocation, the differences and the proper diversification within the portfolio.
In order to understand the concept of financialization and the housing market on the global and local level, one must know that there is a global pool of money that is simply the worlds savings bank. In 2000 the pool had $36 trillion and has since doubled in size (Blumberg 2008). Its most recent profit increase was a result of developing countries and cities such as India, Abu Dhabi, and China making money. This doubled the cash pool available for investments, but left fewer solid investments for the taking. The solution was residential mortgages and the US housing market. The investment managers thought the low-risk high-return investment in the housing market was a good, stable idea. The glo...
Introduction Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in the form of houses or commercial property (Seldin & Richard 1985). Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants include developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, management agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) and renovators (Seldin & Richard 1985). Like other economic markets, real estate markets have internal and external forces that impact the market (Seldin & Richard 1985). Demand and supply forces have the major impact on the industry as they determine growth or decline in the market (Seldin & Richard 1985).
The Modern portfolio theory {MPT}, "proposes how rational investors will use diversification to optimize their portfolios, and how an asset should be priced given its risk relative to the market as a whole. The basic concepts of the theory are the efficient frontier, Capital Asset Pricing Model and beta coefficient, the Capital Market Line and the Securities Market Line. MPT models the return of an asset as a random variable and a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets; the return of a portfolio is thus also a random variable and consequently has an expected value and a variance.