Until recently, scientists believed that the sole source of energy responsible for life on earth was the sun. In 1977, a group of scientists researching the theory of plate tectonics, traveled to the floor of the equatorial Pacific Ocean and discovered something that could possibly explain how life began on this planet. From the Galapagos Rift's thermal springs, scientists discovered densely populated communities of several species never before observed. Since that time the
Federal Government has devoted more than 10 million dollars to research these communities and their evolutionary history.
This figure, to many scientist's dismay, is dramatically less than that of the space exploration program's budget. For example, in 1992, the government budget for oceanography research was $600 million while NASA spent 8.5 billion. We know more about the space around us than we do about our own home. Only 1 percent of the sea floor has been mapped. The sea is the largest, most inaccessible, and least understood ecosystem on this planet.
Since studies of these communities began, previous notions that cold darkness, and extreme pressure are inimical to life have been disproved. We now know that an ecosystem can be sustained by unusual energy sources. The animals that have been discovered in hydrothermal vents are fascinating as well as extremely important. The structure of these creatures is such that a new kingdom has been discovered/created.
Previously scientists divided the living world into two kingdoms: bacteria, also known as prokaryote and eukaryotes (plants and animals). The difference between the two kingdoms was their genetics. The DNA of these newly discovered animals was distinct from the two other kingdoms.
They have been called archaea. Research on these animals is limited since they do not grow and culture well in a laboratory. These animals live in extremely hot temperatures of 160 degrees Fahrenheit and higher, while microbes have been found living in boiling water. This revelation surely must change all of the "rules" we have for health standards. These newly discovered facts must dramatically change the way we think of life on earth.
Living in these vents are entire communities of invertebrates: tube worms, mussels, clams, and even shrimp. In the absence of light and without the photosynthesizing plankton that provide most sea life with food, these animals have an alternate way to live. These invertebrates have formed symbiotic relationships with the bacteria living with them. The mechanics of this relationship are incredibly interesting. Bacteria thrive on sulfide which is found in vent water (hydrogen sulfide). They use the sulfide's chemical energy to produce organic carbon compounds similar to how plants use solar energy in photosynthesis. The bacteria employ chemical rather than light energy to transform inorganic
Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers. Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011. 268-69. Print.
Referred to as one of the “most noble knights” (Norton 159) in King Author’s land, Sir Gawain intends to keep his word in the beheading game and is essentially forfeiting his life to protect King Author and secure the reputation of Camelot. In a year and a day, Gawain must travel to the Green Chapel in order to return the favor of enduring a blow by the Green Knight’s axe. Remaining true to his word, Gawain continues to pursue this journey endangered and alone as a noble knight would. His departure reveals the importance of self-sacrifice for honor. “He rode far from friends, a forsaken man, scaling many cliffs in country unknown…had death struggles with dragons, did battles with wolves” (Horton 48). His persistence and endurance serves as an illustration of his honor, considering that he could have very easily not held up his end of the
The great depression started on black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 and lasted until 1939. Some of the main causes of the great depression were that there was overproduction of food and also industrial parts, banks gave out too many loans and at the end people could not pay them, and also the stock market crash of 1929. Farmers in the western world produced more food than Americans needed. Farmers then couldn’t sell the food and then lost their farms. Industrial workers produced too many things. Workers couldn’t buy goods. Banks made bad loans to people. The banks wanted to expand. But people couldn’t pay for the loans.
Homelessness is one of the biggest issues society (Unites States) faces today. Homelessness is caused by lack of affordable housing, economic situations and decline in federal funding for low income families and the mentally ill. A homeless person is defined as an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the individual is a member of a family) including an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private (shelters) facility that provides temporary living accommodations and an individual who is a resident in transitional housing. This definition of housing is used by the U.S Department of Healt...
“You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.” In the story The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy, the protagonist undergoes an experience in which he comes face to face with the inevitability of death. The piece is abundant with imagery, careful diction, and religious undertone. McCarthy employs these literary devices in order to convey the protagonist’s deep concern for a wounded wolf he encounters in the wilderness and his quiet sense of reverence, loss and even fear when confronted by the animal’s death.
Typically, people have the impressions that homeless people are sloppy, lazy, and irresponsible; however, the truth may be shocked because there are many people who have jobs and non-habitual to drug or alcoholics still remain homeless. ¡§It is a tragic aspect of our culture that homeless people, in addition to suffering from the hardship of their condition, are subjected to alienation and discrimination by mainstream society. It is even more tragic that alienation and discrimination often spring from incorrect myths and stereotypes which surround homelessness.¡¨(The National Law Center) Homelessness results from a complex set of circumstances that require people to choose between food, shelter, and other basic needs. Once the choices are limited which means people can no longer obtain what they need often result in hom...
The author, David Treure, Ojibwe from Leech Lack Reservation in northern Minnesota, grew up on the reservation. He describes the Rez Life by using people’s stories and somehow connects these stories with historic evens. There are over three hundreds Indian reservations in the United States according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. When you go to one of these, you will see the sign of welcome. The Rez is not much different from others. The landscape is the same. The fields, lacks, pines, swamps are the same. The houses just a little smaller and ramshackle. Kids who play on the streets are darker than other. Most of cars seem older. There might have something else that are different because Rez has its own culture.
“The Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf and “The Death of a Moth” by Annie Dillard are two personal essays that are on the same topic, yet very different. Virginia Woolf was a pessimistic woman who was very serious and admired the simplicity of life, while Annie Dillard is an independent woman who is curious about life and finds it humorous. Life and death are perceived differently by these two authors; Woolf believes that death overpowers life and Dillard believes that death isn’t the final step of the life cycle
When a woman gets pregnant, she and her partner make a serious decision whether they should give birth to the unborn child or abort it. However, sometimes every couple can have a different outlook about giving birth or aborting because every male and female has his or her ways of thinking. In “Hills Like White Elephants,” the author, Ernest Hemingway tells a story of an American man and his girlfriend, Jig, who have a disagreement in the train station on the subject of whether to keep the unborn child or to abort. However, the author uses binary opposition of life and death to portray the polemic argument a couple encounters regarding abortion. As a symbol for the binary opposition of life and death, he represents the couple’s expressions, feelings, and the description of nature.
The Great Depression was a period of first-time decline in economic movement. It occurred between the years 1929 and 1939. It was the worst and longest economic breakdown in history. The Wall Street stock market crash started the Great Depression; it had terrible effects on the country (United States of America). When the stock market started failing many factories closed production of all types of good. Businesses and banks started closing down and farmers fell into bankruptcy. Many people lost everything, their jobs, their savings, and homes. More than thirteen million people were unemployed.
Homeless is a convenient label for a variety of objective and subjective conditions of impoverish (Gory, M.l., Ritchey, F.J., & Mullis, J.,1990: Phelan, Link, Moore and Stueve, 1997). One serious obstacle to the study of homeless is the lack of characteristics of homelessness. National Heath Care for the Homeless (2016) shared there are groups of people who experience homelessness in different ways, but all homelessness is characterized by extreme poverty coupled with a lack of stable housing (Lee, Tyler & Wright, 2010). According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary (2016), homelessness refers to “having no home or permanent place of residence.” Persons who are housed marginally are defined as homeless. Others define homeless
“As a child I assumed that when I reached adulthood, I would have grown-up thoughts.”- David Sedaris. The transition from a child to an adult could be a very intimidating time, this is because not only are people expected to know more but the increase of responsibility sometimes terrifies people. Many reasons on why some prefer childhood over their now adulthood varies on responsibility, the things people are required to know, and the the idea of having a parent or being a parent.
Death is the termination of lie and its related clinical signs and has been defined in several ways. Death has various stages, signs, and actors affect it that has physiological and ethical responses. It is the nurse’s responsibility to facilitate coping to the dying and the family members, friends and significant other of that person dying.
Childhood and adulthood are two different, but equally important times in our lives. The special moments such as learning how to ride a bike, or pulling out your teeth, and ding dong ditching your neighbor's house, are all memories that come to mind when thinking about childhood. Graduating high school, applying to college, buying your first car or first house all bring back adulthood recaps of your life, and while both of these are very major and unforgettable moments apart of our lives, I’m going to talk about how similar and different these times really are.