JOHN KEMENY: MATHEMATICIAN
John Kemeny was born on May 13, 1926, in Budapest Hungary. He attended primary school in Budapest. He came from a Jewish family and in 1940, due to the Holocaust, Kemeny’s father moved the family to the U.S. Kemeny’s family moved to New York, and John attended school in New York City. He attended Princeton University where he studied mathematics and philosophy. He took a year off during his undergraduate course to work on the Manhattan project in Los Alamos. John’s boss was Richard Feynman and he also worked with Von Neumann.
He returned to Princeton, and graduated with a B.A. in 1947. He then worked for his doctorate under the supervision of Alonzo Church. Kemeny received his doctorate in 1949 for a dissertation entitled Type-Theory vs. Set-Theory. He was appointed as Albert Einstein’s mathematical assistant while he was still a doctoral student. John continued to study both mathematics and philosophy, and became a professor of philosophy at Princeton in 1951. In 1953 he was appointed to the mathematics department at Dartmouth, and in two years he became chairman of the department. He held his position until 1967. He was president of Dartmouth between 1970, 1981, and 1982. He soon returned to be a full-time teacher.
Kemeny co-invented the Basic(Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) computer code. It was in 1963 that John and Thomas Kurtz decided that they wanted to give students easy access to computing. They designed the first system so that many students could use a single computer at the same time. It was designed to allow students to write programs easily. The first Basic program was run at Dartmouth at 2am on May 4, 1964. Kemeny also introduced a new teaching innovation. He developed a Finite mathematics course including topics that we still use today. Some of the topics were logic, probability and matrix algebra.
The impact and effectiveness of using proper rhetoric was a strategy of “good” writing that I was not aware of until my senior year of high school. While taking AP Language and Composition my junior year, my fellow students and I believed that we had survived countless essay workshop activities and writing assignments with emphasis on word choices, grammatical structure, syntax, punctuation and spelling. By the time we had entered AP Literature our senior year, we felt we could achieve success; we already knew how to write in the correct format and structur...
Rhetoric is innate in nature because there is always some form of persuasion in communication. Rhetoric is essentially persuasion over value, which can be communicated through any type of discourse written, verbal, or nonverbal. If something is significant enough to be argued or even stated, it must have some degree of importance. Because rhetoric is everything, understanding how it influences us, helps us better understand how we work.
1921 moved to Berlin, married, edited a journal called Scripta Universitatis atque Bibliothecae Hierosolymitarum, the mathematical-physical section was prepared by Albert Einstein. This journal played a big role in developing the Hebrew University in Jerusalem,
Rhetoric is something that we use constantly in our everyday life. Unbeknown to us, we have been using the persuasive appeals of pathos, ethos and logos even for the most mundane things. Rhetoric can be seen everywhere in our everyday’s lives in form of media, religion, politics, government propaganda, historic references and social media. We should learn to identify and appropriately use the different categories of rhetoric expressions in an effective manner. Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing in order to convince the audience or the reader. It is sued to convince the audience to think in the same way as the arguer or the presenter.
...t tool used in rhetoric thinking. Aristotle considered rhetoric a tool in argumentation, particularly the kind that arose in the courts and halls of government of his time.
I had the opportunity to interview with the school psychologists on our campus. She currently holds a master’s level degree in psychology and has worked for the district for 10 years now with 3 of those years at this location. Discussing what she does on a regular bases she explained how she reaches out to contacts within the community to help parents and children with unresolved issues to help them find answers. She creates activities that help to nurture a better lifestyle for these families. I discussed with her in length about these events and she described them as a social environment conducive to a higher quality in learning, social interaction and family lifestyle. The reason for planning these events in our campus is because of the lower demographics and the campus considered a special class of schools which are known as Title 1 which receives more aid than other campuses.
Aristotle builds a case that rhetoric is an art which goes against “Gorgias” written by Plato that states rhetoric is not an art since it is not related to a “definite subject” (Rapp, 2002). Aristotle disagrees with Plato by proposing that rhetoric is an art since it requires being persuasive. The skill of persuasion is no easy task especially when it is concerning passionate topics like politics or beliefs. This leads into the final point to highlight that a true “rhetorician” is a person who is able to see persuasion in every situation (Rapp, 2002). This means that those who truly understand how rhetoric works also understand that even in disagreement, a strong argument is still valid. “The best arguments make use of shared assumptions--beliefs that both the writer and the reader can agree about even if they don 't yet agree about the entire argument” (Wheeler, 2016, para.
George Stibitz constructed a 1-bit binary adder suing relays in 1937. This was one of the first binary computers. In the summer of 1941 Atanasoff and Berry completed a special purpose calculator for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, later called "ABC" ( Atanasoff Berry Computer). In 1948 Mark I was completed at Manchester University. It was the first to use stored programs. In 1951 whirlwind was the first real-time computer was built for the US Air Defense System.
John Von Neumann was a very famous mathematician/ scientist whose work influenced theories and formulas we still use in the 21st century. He worked with many other influential mathematicians and scientists. His work influenced game theory, the quantum theory, automata theory, and defense planning. Von Neumann was a hard worker and was always working on new and old projects from when he began his career until the day he died.
Mehra, J. (1994). The beat of a different drum: the life and science of Richard Feynman. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc.
However, the Soviets believed that the United States were also at fault for human rights violations for only emphasizing first generation rights, which caused racism as well as poverty. In both cases, both parties were using these accusations as an excuse to attack the other party, only leading to further human rights violations (Delaet, 2006, pp. 22-23). Similarly, it can be said that if one were to deprive a society of one set of rights by prioritizing the other set of rights, there could be some scientific advancements, a second generation right, that would be missed out on due to a first generation right, such as the freedom of expression and the right to practice their own religion. For example, some religions may object to the use of aborted fetuses to further stem cell research, but in the process they may be prohibiting stem cell researchers from finding cures to physical incapabilities such as diabetes, a cure to repairing quadriplegic spines, or a cure to cancer (Barfoot et al., 2016). Some people may believe that stem cell research goes against their religious beliefs and can protest against the research because of their freedom of expression, causing stem
Human rights, specially those belonging to the first generation, as they are expressed in "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" of December, 10th, 1948, are the end product of a long...
Karwatka, Dennis. "Ada Lovelace--The First Computer Programmer." Tech Directions 54.10 (1995): 21. Academic Search Complete. Web. 5 May 2014.
The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to “programming” rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a “digital calculating machine.” Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with holes punched in them, which are called “punch cards.” These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again.
The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was not until thousands of years later that the first calculator was produced. In 1623, the first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schikard, the “Calculating Clock,” as it was often referred to as, “performed it’s operations by wheels, which worked similar to a car’s odometer” (Evolution, 1). Still, there had not yet been anything invented that could even be characterized as a computer. Finally, in 1625 the slide rule was created becoming “the first analog computer of the modern ages” (Evolution, 1). One of the biggest breakthroughs came from by Blaise Pascal in 1642, who invented a mechanical calculator whose main function was adding and subtracting numbers. Years later, Gottfried Leibnez improved Pascal’s model by allowing it to also perform such operations as multiplying, dividing, taking the square root.