1.1. Background to the study
Despite efforts and – in most countries successful developments - restructuring of agriculture and food industries is still far from being complete, particularly in the livestock sector. The competitiveness of agriculture and the agro-food chain in the candidate countries is generally much lower than the EU average. According to the European Union Commission (2012), the past 5 decades of EU existence have been dominated by a preeminent objective of eliminating trade related barriers among the member states. Key stakeholders believe that forming a single market for products, labor and financials will bolster the development of diverse facets of individual economies such as agriculture. This argument has also been shared by European Union Commission (2002) and Eade & Garapich (2009). Eade & Garapich (2009) expound further by indicating that creation of a single market and enlargement of the market through acceptance of new members enhance internal trade and employment. They justify this by arguing that there is synergy of efforts and economies of scale in a large group (EU) than individual countries (like Britain).
This proposition has been consensually accepted among majority but not all EU policy makers. A plethora of studies have been conducted to justify their arguments (Ackrill, 2003; Bach, Frandsen & Jensen, 2005). Consequently, the EU has undertaken diverse enlargement programs where more members who believe in the vision and mission of the union are accepted. In particular, Bach, Frandsen & Jensen (2005) posit proceeding to 2004, negotiations with potential members such as Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Cyprus, the Czech Republic and Estonia started in 2000. In the negotiation, chapter 7 of the ag...
... middle of paper ...
...ngs supported by arguments in past literature. Chapter V is a conclusion of the study exercise and highlighting of the recommendations, learning statement and future research.
1.6. Summary
In summary, key EU members believe that forming a single market for products, labor and financials will bolster the development of diverse facets of individual economies such as agriculture. Consequently, the 2004 enlargement was a step towards achieving a robust large single market. The impact of the enlargement as far as the British agricultural sector is concerned is of interest in this study. Consequently, the aim of the study was to determine whether the impact of EU enlargement in 2004 was positive or negative as far as British agricultural sector is concerned. In the sequent discussion, further information on EU enlargement and agricultural sector performance is presented.
The European Union has been helped economically ever since World War II. Right after World War II’s end, Europe was struggling to hold on. The countries of the modern-day European Union thought it would be a good idea to come together and help each others struggling economy. To this day, this decision has had a very positive outcome on the EU’s economy. As shown in Diagram 1, the European Union combined together has the world’s highest GDP at 18.3 Trillion USD as compared to the United States’ 17.4 Trillion USD GDP and China’s 10.4 Trillion USD GDP. The idea
Economic integration is the joining of economic policies between different states/regions. This eliminates tariff and non-tariff barriers to the flow of goods, services and factors of production between the regions. Economic integration has varying levels referred to as trading blocs; these are a form economic integration. A trading bloc is a group of nations that have been made a bilateral or multilateral agreement. There are four types of trading blocs. The least advanced level is the Free Trade Area. The features of this level is that reduced tariff barriers between signatories, which at times are abandoned altogether and there is free movement of labour and capital and the non-member countries have an independent set of tariffs against member countries. The second level of economic integration is the Customs Union. This is a Free Trade Agreement plus a common external tariff. Member countries agree to reduce tariff barriers among themselves and they have in common, this is referred to as tax harmonisation. The Common Market is the third level of trade blocs. This has features of the Customs Union plus free movement of capital and labour and some policy harmonisation such as similar trade policies to prevent certain member countries having an unfair advantage. The European Union is an example of a Common Market and is an economic and political partnership that involves 28 European countries. It allows goods and people to be moved around and has its own currency, the euro, which is used by nineteen of the member countries (The UK excluded). It also has its own parliament and sets rules in a wide range of areas such as transport,...
CETA as a trade pact benefits certain Canadian industry’s sectors. One of them is the Food industry which yearly will gain over 1, 5 billion dollars from export to Europe (Ryan, 2014, p. 24-26). European Union will allow Canadian beef to enter the Union without any tariffs (Kimantas, 2014, p.11). It is expected more than 35, 000 tonnes to be exported, thus increasing the initial amount of beef that is originally produced in Canada (Kimantas, 2014, p.11). In addition, the Canada’s Hilton quota, that means a limited amount of beef, can be increased; therefore the amount of beef that have chemicals or contains GMO imported in European Union also will be increased, although many European environmentalists are against such change (Kerr, 2011, p.667). Pork producers will also ...
Section 1: Typically, we need a well-balanced meal to give us the energy to do day-to-day tasks and sometimes we aren’t able to get home cooked meals that are healthy and nutritious on a daily basis, due to the reasons of perhaps low income or your mom not being able to have the time to cook. People rely on fast food, because it’s quicker and always very convenient for full-time workers or anyone in general who just want a quick meal. Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation argues that Americans should change their nutritional behaviors. In his book, Schlosser inspects the social and economic penalties of the processes of one specific section of the American food system: the fast food industry. Schlosser details the stages of the fast food production process, like the farms, the slaughterhouse and processing plant, and the fast food franchise itself. Schlosser uses his skill as a journalist to bring together appropriate historical developments and trends, illustrative statistics, and telling stories about the lives of industry participants. Schlosser is troubled by our nation’s fast-food habit and the reasons Schlosser sees fast food as a national plague have more to do with the pure presence of the stuff — the way it has penetrated almost every feature of our culture, altering “not only the American food, but also our landscape, economy, staff, and popular culture. This book is about fast food, the values it represents, and the world it has made," writes Eric Schlosser in the introduction of his book. His argument against fast food is based on the evidence that "the real price never appears on the menu." The "real price," according to Schlosser, varieties from destroying small business, scattering pathogenic germs, abusing wor...
Human behavior in the social environment presents a multidimensional composite of person, environment, and time. As per Hutchinson (2008), “Person, environment, and time interact dynamically. Relationships are reconfigured as the multiple influences of human behavior ebb and flow” (p. 9). An analysis of human behavior in the social environment concerns examining the biological, psychological, and spiritual person; as well as, environment, culture, dyads, families, and communities. This paper will serve as an analysis and comparison of two films through the lens of human behavior in the social environment. A biopsychosocial framework will be utilized to assess and determine optimal treatment interventions for a selected character of each film. Hutchinson (2008) describes a biopsychosocial approach, “In this approach, human behavior is considered to be a result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems” (p.11). Additionally, Ericson’s stages of psychosocial developmental in relation to chosen characters from the films “Rachel is getting married” and “Mother and Child” will be discussed.
To start with, what is the meaning of the Single Market? According to European Commission website, Single Market indicates the EU as one territory that has no internal borders or any other controlling complications that lead to the free movement of booth services and goods (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017). According to the same source, single market has great benefits. It encourages competition and trade, increases efficiency, promotes quality, as well as helps in cutting the prices. In addition, the same source considers the European Single Market as one of the EU’s ultimate accomplishments that powered the economic growth and made the everyday life of European businesses and consumers easier (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017).
...: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (4), pp. 603-24.
Thomassen, J. 2009. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. In: Thomassen, J. Eds. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 67-86.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Switzerland is one of the most prosperous countries in Europe. With a stable government, sound economy and highly skilled labor force and strong tourism, Switzerland is driving force in the world economy. However, in the coming years Switzerland will face three challenges that threaten their positive economic outlook, they are 1) agriculture protectionism,
First, the structure of the framework strongly supports an extensive analysis of the directive and of the context in which it was formulated and implemented. Second, each element is important when trying to clarify how a policy is created in the European Union and the impact of the policy on businesses. The 'issue' element provides an opportunity to explain the content of the directive. The 'actors', 'interests','arenas' and 'assets' elements describe and illustrate the power play involved in European Union policy formulation and implementation and the place occupied by businesses. The 'information' element demonstrates the ever increasing importance that knowledge has within the European Union and how it can be used by businesses. Finally, the design of a non-market strategy supported by the (IA)3 framework enables a firm to become active and not only adapt to a certain policy but also gain an opportunity to influence the environment within which it is
Senior, Nello Susan. "Chapters:4,15." The European Union: Economics, Policies and History. London: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.
Mulle, E.D., Wedekind, G., Depoorter, I., Sattich, T., & Maltby, T. 2013. ‘EU Enlargement: Lessons from, and prospects for’. IES Working Paper 3. Pp 8-39.
Agriculture has changed dramatically, especially since the end of World War II. Food and fibre productivity rose due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use, specialization and government policies that favoured maximizing production. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the food and fibre.
As any other business, animal agriculture has profits and costs. The gradual growth of animal agriculture over time has led society into asking: how does the increase in animal agriculture affect economics?