Thomas E. Skidmore’s Politics in Brazil: 1930-1964 An Experiment in Democracy, a secondary source originally compiled in 1967 and reprinted in 1973, provides an in-depth explanation of Brazil’s modern political society and an account of the “rapid social and economic changes which have transformed Brazil since 1930.”16 This source was written with the purpose to offer great insight on the replacement of a dictatorial government with a democracy in this South American country throughout the mid-nineteenth century.
Skidmore asserts that “decisions on economic policy raised large political questions.”17 These questions, in turn, must be approached with innovative ideas in government policy. This book’s values lie in Skidmore’s deep comprehension of Latin American historical development, especially Brazil, and in his subjective tone of writing, limiting the bias that may be developed by the readers. It offers a comprehensive explanation for the rise of democracy in Brazil, and thus, the role of the establishment of the new capital in Brasilia.
Another quality that makes this book a reliable source is the author’s various references to primary sources and detailed footnotes with thorough explanations of the events described. The validity of Skidmore’s work can be proven with the comprehensive list and descriptions of the policies and key figures backed by historical data and citations in the back of the book.
A significant limitation in Skimore’s work, but which serves to the benefit of the topic discussed in this paper, is his focus on the “attention to the pressure felt by politicians to find a satisfactory strategy of economic development…”18 This means that his book is not a complete history if Brazil in the twentieth century, ...
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...tal from the booming coastal city of Rio de Janeiro to the brand new interior development of Brasilia, it is understood that these factors were in fact the main contributors to Brazil’s democratization. One of the main principles of democracy is fair representation of all the governed subjects. By moving the capital to the interior of the country, a lot of internal cultural biases were diminished, and the fresh new government would be able to appeal to a larger part of the masses, or the “typical” Brazilian. Kubitschek came to power in a state of chaos, facing the consequences of an oppressive dictatorship, and was able to unite the people through his efforts to create a democracy. Nationalism, determination and confidence were the principal forces guiding his strategy, and as Skidmore argues, he was able to fulfill his promise of “fifty years’ progress in five.”31
Globalisation has been crucial to the economic and social development of Brazil. In the late twentieth century Brazil face years of economic, political and social instability experiencing high inflation, high income inequality and rapidly growing poverty. However after a change of government in the 1990s and large structural changes in both the economic and social landscapes, the brazilian economy has been experiencing a growing middle class and reduced income gap. Since the start of the 21st century, brazil has benefitted from the move to a more global economy.
Tompkins, C., 2009. The paradoxical effect of the documentary in Walter Salles’s “Central do Brasil”. Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature 33 no1 p9-27
The purpose of this paper is to recognize, study and analyze the race relations in Brazil. Race relations are relations between two groups of different races; it is how these two different races connect to each other in their environment. Since Brazil is racially diverse, this study is focused on how Brazilians relate to each other. Throughout the essay, it will become clear that there exists a conflict between two race groups. Afro-Brazilians and White-Brazilians are not connected and though these two groups converse with each other, discrimination still lies within the society. This discrimination has created inequality within the society for Afro-Brazilians. Thus, this paper will not only focus on racism and discrimination that Afro-Brazilians experience because of White-Brazilian, but also on the history of Brazil, the types if discrimination that Afro-Brazilian must endure today and how the media creates discrimination.
By that point in time the Brazilian music scene was split into two. One side consisted of the traditionalists who were supported by both the conservative establishment as well as the leftist opposition, led by intellectuals, the cultural elite and students. They opposed all foreign influences on Brazilian music. Most artists at the time either supported or followed the “rules” set by the traditionalists. The other side were those who were fans of English and American music (Perrone, Dunn 96-97).
...nuel Antonio, Newman, Edward. Democracy in Latin America: (Re)Constructing Political Society. The United Nations University Press, 2001. New York, N.Y.
The two nation-states of Brazil and Germany differ in many ways: economically, politically and socially. Germany's powerful economy, rich and wealthy society, and efficient government have put the country as a leader in the international scene. On the other hand, Brazil is still yet to emerge as a true democracy and is faced with a lot of problems. This paper is focused on political differences that both of the states have.
Filh, Alfredo Saad. "Neoliberalism, Democracy, and Development Policy in Brazil." DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIETY June 2010: 1-28.
Brazil is a vast country in South America that has experienced extreme wealth and income disparities since its independence in 1822. The uneven income distribution, combined with several other factors, is what accounts for millions of civilians living in impoverished conditions. The Northeast is the country’s most afflicted region, with an estimated 58% of the population living in poverty and earing less than $2 a day. The systemic inequality as well as lack of development and modernization has generated chronic poverty that has had detrimental effects on society in northeast and ultimately weakens Brazil.
Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 24, No. 4 (96), Pp. 489-497 Sherman, H., 1995. Democracy and Capitalism. Reinventing Marxism, JohnsHopkins University Press, pp.
In 1822, Brazil became a nation independent from Portugal. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil has overcome more than half a century of military government to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development. With an abundance of natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin America's leading economic power by the 1970’s.
Key features… A 1997 White Paper on Foreign and Trade Policy called ‘In the National Interest’ is the most important single statement on FP in recent years. It set the guideline for FP according to the National Interest. Implicit in the National Interest is to maintain national security through international diplomacy and readiness to defend the continent and territories against possible armed attack or other aggression, to protect and promote the nation’s economic welfare and living standards, which increasingly depend on global economic growth, free international trade and the confidence of global international markets, and to keep our democratic way of life, and our civil and political liberties.
... a Marxist background with full support of the Brazilian Communist party in his early days, he has come full circle to his center-right position of today, so the MST can persuade those in desperation in the center and elsewhere to climb out of the pockets of banks, business and foreign interest to create a new Brazil in the hands of the Brazilian worker.
In the current economic times the development and growth of any economy has come to a near stop or at least to a drastic slow down. The face of the global economic environment has changed and many new countries are starting to change the way their country and the rest of the world does business. One such nation is Brazil, who has turned around their own economic troubles and is becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world (World Factbook). Brazil has started developing its economy and using the opportunity to achieve a level of respect in the world.
“A formal public commitment to legal racial equality, for example, had been the price of mass support for Latin American’s independence movements. In the generation following independence, the various mixed-race classifications typical of the caste system were optimistically banished from census forms and parish record keeping.” This was meant to make all slaves citizens, equal to all other citizens. Slavery receded in Latin America, except in non-republican Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. However, Brazil’s pursuit of independence was the least violent and provoked the least amount of change. The case of Brazil suggests that retention of colonial institutions such as monarchies lent to stability. “Brazil had retained a European dynasty; a nobility of dukes, counts, and barons sporting coats of arms; a tight relationship between church and state; and a full commitment to the institution of chattel slavery, in which some people worked others to death.”
Pinheiro P. S., 2002, The Paradox of Democracy in Brazil vol. III, issue 1, University of Sao Paulo