This project outlines the impact of the European economic crisis on gender equality.
Throughout this paper, I will attempt to present the findings regarding the gender equality in the field of paid work and unpaid work, while I will focus on key areas such as the employment, the unemployment, the sectorial segregation and the working conditions.
In addition, I will attempt to explain what the gender differences in income poverty are and how the European Union is planning to address the gender equality issues, in the midst of the economic crisis.
Finally, I will analyze, discuss, and draw conclusions from the data collected from the distributed questionnaires, note the study’s problems and limitations, and state my personal opinion.
A. INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
In the midst of the current global crisis, Europe is experiencing protracted financial and economic recessions. This phenomenon began with the ‘credit crunch’ in the financial services sector and evolved as a sovereign debt crisis.
At the same time, fiscal consolidation and austerity measures have been deployed in response to the crisis, in order to reduce public deficits and debt. These recessions have been documented as setting back gender equality and other EU development goals.
This project aims to assess the impact of the European economic crisis on gender equality. The reasons why it is important to analyze the European economic crisis from the perspective of gender equality are numerous.
First of all, the economic crisis in EU is deeply gendered. Therefore a gendered analysis is required to understand the depth and scope of his crisis. In addition, gender equality must be a key element in the development of anti-crisis measures and policies...
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... their working conditions, if that will help them stay in employment.
‘Employment quality’s’ definition has several dimensions. First and foremost, pay. Pay is strictly related with working conditions and especially the hourly wages. In the midst of the economic crisis, the involuntary part-time and the use of temporary contracts have risen. At the same time, worker’s rights are weakening. Overall, it is indicated that the worsening of working condition has affected both men and women, but in different ways.
Part-time working has risen during the recession because it seemed to be a convenient alternative of firing. (European Commission, 2010,Hijzen and Venn 2011).
According to Eurostat, by 2012 the proportion of the 19,2% of the EU workforce reported that their main job was part-time. The highest proportions were found in UK, Germany and Sweden, where part-time wo
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 is considered by many economists the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This crisis resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis led to a series of events including: the 2008–2012 global recessions and the European sovereign-debt crisis. The reasons of this financial crisis are argued by economists. The performance of the Federal Reserve becomes a focal point in this argument.
Regarding the dual labor market theory, from a micro viewpoint, the men held the primary positions and the women occupied the secondary positions. “.Women ‘tend to be employed in occupations that are considered ‘for women,’ to be men’s subordinates on the job and to be paid less than men both on the average and for the same work.’” (Loe 82). Conclusion Within these articles, the problems of our macro society were revealed through micro studies in the workplace.
To understand the theory of gender inequality better, it is necessary to confront the obstacles that have limited prior attempts. Amongst these, one the most important ones is the strong urge to minimize all explanations of gender inequality to some fundamental contrast between the sexes.
The article The Gender Gap in Wages insights the issue about the wage gap in the early 21st century, observing that is not actual discrimination in the workplace, but rather the type of work and time put into it that changes the wages between male and female workers. June O’Neill gives sufficient statistical data that is focused on work experience and how productivity in the home is a result of the wage gap. Her claim introduces a great amount of statistical data that shows the reader the reasons for a wage gap to exist. She is knowledgeable about the subject and is straight-forward about her point. O’ Neill’s argument is justifiable meanwhile, it can be argued that her neutrality on the wage gap does not give a specific reason as to how this
Being a feminist today has altered from a political position to a more general position. Contemporary feminist is shaped by the past, but now is integrated in popular culture by popular figures. The definition of feminism is the belief of social, political, and economic rights, especially with regards of equality of the sexes. There are many dimensions to being a feminist and we have a tremendous number of people supporting the feminist movement. The need for feminist movements is because gender inequality still exist. Gender inequality is very broad and complex topic. Both men and women are unequal in various ways. However, the big question is why? The purpose of this paper is to understand gender inequality in the sociological framework of
The recent global financial crisis that affected not only America but also Europe and other parts of the world resulted in massive unemployment. This is due to the high costs of operation that many corporations faced forcing them to cut on labor costs. There is need for European government interventions to avert this social crisis and prevent the occurrence of such a crisis in future. Unemployment has hit the service sector harder than other sectors with the following being the most affected: automotive, construction, tourism, finance and real estate. The global financial crisis has also increased consumer prices thus pushing inflation. According to McCathie, “the increase in July consumer prices to 1.7 per cent pushed inflation in the currency bloc up towards the European Central Bank’s target of keeping inflation at below, but close to 2 per cent. Eurozone consumer prices had stood at 1.4 per cent in June” (McCathie, 2010).
Historically, financial crises have been followed by a wave of governments defaulting on their debt obligations. The global economic history has experienced sovereign debt crisis such as in Latin America during the 80s, in Russia at the end of the 90s and in Argentina in the beginning of the 00s. The European debt crisis is the most significant of its kind that the economic world was seen started from 2010. Financial crises tend to lead to, or exacerbate, sharp economic downturns, low government revenues, widening government deficits, and high levels of debt, pushing many governments into default. Greece is currently facing such a sovereign debt crisis and Europe’s most indebted country despite its surplus in the early 2000s. Greece accumulated high levels of debt during the decade before the crisis, when the capital markets were highly liquid. As the crisis has unfolded, and capital markets have become more illiquid, Greece may no longer be able to roll over its maturing debt obligations. Investment by both the private and the public sectors has ground to a halt. Public sector debt has increased substantially as the state had to rely on official assistance to payroll expenses, fiscal deficit and fund social payments.
population in the country and because of no fixed salary, some women who can actually obtain a job are only paid a third of what male employees are paid monthly. Much of the gender discr...
Sex and Gender Arianna Stassinopoulos wrote in the 1973 book The Female Woman: "It would be futile to attempt to fit women into a masculine pattern of attitudes, skills and abilities and disastrous to force them to suppress their specifically female characteristics and abilities by keeping up the pretense that there are no differences between the sexes" (Microsoft Bookshelf). In her statement, we see a cultural feminist response to the dominant liberal feminism of the 1970s. Liberal feminism de-emphasized gender differences, claiming that women were the equals of men and that this would be obvious if only they were offered the same opportunities as men with no special privileges necessary. On the other hand, cultural feminists such as Stassinopoulos claimed that women's unique perspective and talents must be valued, intentionally emphasizing the differences between men and women. A third type of feminism, post-modernism, is represented in Sexing the Body by Anne Fausto-Sterling.
The Greek economy has seen a large collapse following the recent worldwide recession. The European Union has expressed concerns for the impact that Greece’s economic collapse will negatively affect other member nations. Greece and the European Union are working to reduce the Greek deficit and to contain the economic crisis to Greece.
My essay is divided into two parts. In the first part I am focused on the first question and I analyse Åsa Löfström´s report, OECD and World Bank Group´s documents and the scientific works of other scientists, such as Roger Mortvik and Roland Spant, Mark Smith, Kabeer and Natali. In the second part I am more specific and I try to find answers on the second and third question. Whereas these questions involve the strategies and actions to exploit the economic potential in female employment, I will focus on the EU level to give you a particular example.
These questions and the objective of my paper are significant to explore because they will help me to better understand my current status as a women in our capitalist economy. Understanding the origin of women’s economic oppression, and other inequalities, is a part of reaching an idea of how to remedy our current situation as women. It is important to me to answer the questions I have laid forth in order to take small steps in personally and possibly publicly, changing the current position of women.
Globalisation refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. It has several factors, including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production (Charles W.L. Hill, 2011). Inequality on the other hand, refers to the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities (Oxford Dictionary). Globalization is argued to be the root cause raising the unequal distribution of status, rights and opportunities around the globe. The main problems connected with this 'inequality of distribution' is argued to occur at many different levels, including; inequality between genders, nations, within-nations and others. The main focus of this essay, however, will be based on the impact that globalization may have on gender equality. It would begin with an overview of the common beliefs or arguments of those in favor
In order to answer the question above this essay will discuss in depth what exactly sex is and what gender is and the differences between the two terms. The research carried out will display that we live in a patriarchal society without a doubt as we look at how gender links to inequality in society. A patriarchal society can be clearly seen from the gender inequality in the labour force which is paid labour and also in unpaid labour which occurs in the household. Another area the answer will reflect on is how gender inequality links to education which overall links to society. Finally the answer below will show how the media also portrays gender inequality and how it affects the people in society.
It can be concluded that women are treated in terms of stereotyped impressions of being the lowest class and greater evidence can be found that there are large disparities between the women and the men 's class. It can be seen that women are more likely to play casual roles as they are most likely to take seasonal and part time work so that they can work according to their needs. They are hampered from progressing upward into the organizations as they face problems like lack of health insurance, sexual harassments, lower wage rates, gender biases and attitudes of negative behavior. However, this wouldn’t have hampered the participation of the women in the work force and they continue to increase their efforts which is highly evident in the occupational and job ratios of females in the industry.