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Freud and Erikson comparison of development
Freud's stages of psychosexual development
Freud's stages of psychosexual development
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1. Describe Freud's stages?
Answer: An infant, as stated by Freud, is “effervescent with psychic power”. Major items for the building baby's energy assists in defining five key phases of psychological growth:
Oral Stage: Freud considered that psychosexual growth started with the oral stage, from birth to 1 and 1/2 years, as soon as the baby learns to understand his mom's breasts like a cause of convenience and nutrition. As indicated by Freud, the child may turn out to be orally fixated in maturity in case he seems lacking or encounters stress in this phase of growth (Clewell, 2004).
Anal Stage: The anal stage is designated through the start of toileting once the child is 1 and 1/2 to 3 years older. The child will have to learn how to handle his bowel movement, and also other intense wishes. (Clewell, 2004).
Phallic Stage: Freud considered that children are fascinated by their mother or father from the opposing gender when they are 4 to 5 years old. Additionally they turn out to be aggressive and jealous for the same gender parent. Among males, it is seen as the 'Oedipus Complex', whereas in females, it's called the 'Electra Complex' (Clewell, 2004).
Latency Stage: Children proceed through the latency phase at the age of 6 until the beginning of puberty. Intimate desires stay repressed as children are separated from the mother and father and find out, by building peer associations, to have interaction with others and react to their demands (Clewell, 2004).
Genital Stage: Intimate desires are re-awakened at the start of adolescence and the youthful grownup who may have effectively conferred the earlier phases of growth redirects his interest in the direction of peers of opposite gender. Enjoyment is mainly centered on the
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...n surroundings, a feeling of freedom, or independence, will probably be attained (Hoare, 2009).
A key distinction in these two concepts is wherever the growth motivation is positioned. According to Freud, it's totally on the individual's biology and also the fundamental needs which push them. Freud does not put any kind of stress on cultural or even environmental affects that Erikson does (Ant his, 2005).
Freud selected a particular body organ to every phase of growth, while Erikson considered the situation on the wider level by simply integrating an individual's environment. Erikson does not feel that an individual becomes entirely jammed within a stage as Freud thinks. Rather, every stage develops on the following stage, and no matter what feature is obtained at
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every age group will certainly proceed in the circumstance of the following stage (Goodwin, 1998).
The preoperational stage happens between the ages of two and seven. In the preoperational stage, children take part in imaginative play and can grasp and express connections between the past and what's to come. A
Through case study, the psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud visited Charcot’s, a laboratory in Paris investigating people suffering from hysteria. There, Freud began patient case studies (Crain, p. 254). Freud developed 5 stages of human development known as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages. The Oral stage is from the ages of birth to 18 months. This stage engages in oral activities such as sucking. Next the Anal stage begins around age 18 months to 3 years of age. Freud suggests that during the Anal stage a child focuses on the pleasure of purging from the rectal area. The Phallic stages, none as the masturbation stage, when a child get’s pleasure from focusing on his genital areas usually happens during ages 3 years to 6 years of age. After the Phallic stage come the Latency stages. Latency is when children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old work to develop cognitive and interpersonal skills suppressing sexual interests but those 12 years and older fall into the Genital stages. During the Genital stage those suppressed sexual interests re-occur and the need to find gratification dependent on finding a partner (Craig & Dunn, p 12)
Both Freud and Erikson theories are based on the psychoanalytic theory which according to Kathleen Berger is “a grand theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconsicious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior.
The Genital Stage =) the transition to adolescent shake off old dependencies and they learn to handle maturely the opposite
The psychodynamic theory encompasses both Freud and Erikson. Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for all needs and urges, while the superego for ideals and moral. The ego moderates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. However, Erikson believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depended upon successfully overcoming these conflicts. The advantage to psychodynamic is that it encompasses the individual, meaning that the theory looks at personality from childhood all the way into adulthood. The disadvantages of this theory are that it cannot be tested validly. Therefore,
This approach has become the stimulus for a number of similar theories which share the same assumptions on psychological development, yet differ in detail. (Gross, R, 2007) Erik Erikson, a neo-freudian himself accepted Freud’s theory but whereas the psychodynamic approach focuses on five main stages of development until adulthood, Erikson theorised that development is lifelong and continues throughout life until death. (Psychology for A Level 2000)
The second stage was titled the preoperational stage. From the age of 2 through the age of 7, the mind of the child increases substantially toward developing the mental construction of familiar and regular objects which the child interacts with frequently. The concepts of such objects are only at surface level, meaning how the child has yet to comprehend the complexity of these objects. Furthermore, the child may automatically assume how their environment (namely, those around the child) shares their likes and dislikes. (DeWolfe,
The third stage is the concrete operational stage. Children from 7 years to 11 are most likely in this stage. In this stage children start to think logical about concrete events. They begin to understand basic concept of conservation. Their thinking becomes more logical and they start being less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel.
Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences are important to the development of the adult personality, proposing that childhood development took place over five stages; oral, anal. Phallic, latent and genital. The phallic stage is the most important stage which contains the Oedipus complex. This is where the child (age 4 - 6 yrs) posses the opposite sex parent and wants rid of the same sex parent. Freud argued that if the conflict is not resolved in childhood then it could cau...
Erik Erikson was an American psychologist famous for his theory of psychosocial development. Erikson postulated that psychological and social factors played an enormous role in human development. The psychosocial theory brakes down human development into eight interdependent stages, with each stage having specific culminating goals and a pair of crises (Woolfolk, 2013, p. 99). The failure to achieve the goals of one stage could hinder the successful completion of subsequent stages.
Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of psychoanalytic development; he stated that early childhood experiences and practices affect later development in adulthood. Freud’s stages of psychosexual development comprised of five stages: the oral stage (0 – 1 year), the anal stage (1 – 3 years), the phallic stage (3 – 6 years), the latency period (6 – puberty) and the genital stage (puberty –
Sigmund Freud developed the psychosexual stages of development to describe the chronological process of development that took place from birth through later adulthood. The stages of psychosexual are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Freud developed that as children grow they progress from self-pleasing sexual activity to reproductive activity. Through this developmental process one will develop adult personality. Freud put much emphasis on sexual context of how ones libido, which is one sexual desires played a role in each stage of development. Freud emphasizes that individuals will strive to obtain pleasures in each stage of development, which becomes the basis of ones personality.
In examining the Freudian view of human development, the main characteristic of human development is one of a primitive and sexual nature. Freud defines the id as a unconscious part of the mind focused on the primitive self and is the source of the demands of basic needs. Freud explains that the mind of an infant consists only of the id, driving the basic needs for comfort, food, warmth, and love. In later stages of early development, as a child’s mind begins to grow, the ego is formed. The ego is defined as the connection between consciousness and reality that controls one’s thought and behavior. In late pre-school years a child begins to develop what is called a superego. At this stage values are internalized, and the complex connection between the id, ego, and supere...
The theory does a good job at delineating the stages of psychosexual development; our childhood has a great influence on our personalities. Referring to Freud’s ‘psychosexual stages’, it is very clear that parents’ role in an infant’s life is the foremost step to structure the personality. Not to forget, the oral and anal stages are focal fundamental to character traits in a person’s behavior. The inner ‘instincts’ of sexuality and aggression meeting with the socially acceptable norms creates a conflict zone, wherein it is decided what we are to do and what we would become.
The Oral Stage: This is the beginning process from birth where we use our mouth as our main source of interaction we use it for feeding and comfort such as savoring. If there is an error in this process dependency and aggression problems develops resulting in drinking, eating and smoking problems in the future. (Cherry (n.d))