1-oxygen-free high conductivity
1.1-introduction:
Oxygen-free copper is one of the substances by high thermal conductivity. Pan collections of copper alloy wrought high conductivity is refined electrically to reduce the rate of oxygen to the lowest percentage, a .001 or less.
Its a filler mixed configuration and have a piece by weight which is between 99.99. and 99.999 of copper, which are the purest materials available commercially.
there are different composition of ofhc such as:
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• C10100 Knowns as free of oxygen- (OFE). This pure copper by p.% Y contains the percentage of oxygen 0.0005 atopic Sudaihakq a lower level which is 101% g Ranked conductive determined by GS delivers to its final form in oxygen-free environment and carefully regulated. Ag enters impurity in the chemical specifications and rated the most expensive grades of which will be mentioned later.
• C10200 - also known as Oxygen-Free (OF). While OF is considered oxygen-free, its conductivity rating is no better than the more common ETP grade below. It has a 0.001% oxygen content, 99.95% purity and minimum 100% IACS conductivity. For the purposes of purity percentage, silver (Ag) content is counted as copper (Cu).
• C11000 - also known as Electrolytic-Tough-Pitch (ETP). Symbol type of copper is the most common. And universally used for applications and electrical work. Classified as minimum conductivity type in Symbol 100% in addition to the degree of purity of this product to 99.9. Proportion of oxygen in this kind of about .02 to .04. Most (ETP), which Ebag today meets or exceeds the specifications of materials with a minimum conductivity 101% as is the case in copper and silver
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...ure, solution phase reduction of cobalt chloride in the presence of stabilizing agents was employed to produce magnetic colloids (ferrofluids) of cobalt nanocrystals. We systematically synthesized and isolated nearly monodisperse nanocrystal samples ranging in size from 2 to 11 nm while maintaining better than a 7% std. dev. in diameter.
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The first term that I noted during the movie was Conductive Polymers. Conductive polymers are almost always organic meaning a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. These polymers have extended delocalized bonds which are bonds found in a molecule that do not belong to a single atom or covalent bond. They are conjugated systems of double bonds and in a aromatic systems. The conjugated systems are atoms covalently bonded with alternating single and double bonds. When the electrons are removed or added into the valence bands the electrical conductivity increases. The conductive polymer has a low conductivity until the electron is removed from the valence band called (p-doping) or (n-doping) until it becomes more conductive. The movement of the charges is what is responsible for electrical conductivity. These polymers are plastic which are organic polymers and with mechanical properties such as flexibility and elasticity.
The metal’s hardness along with its great tensile strength and ability to withstand extremely high temperatures make it ideal for use in the filaments in incandescent light bulbs, cathode-ray tubes, X-ray tubes, vacuum tube filaments, and rocke...
The purpose of this lab is to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide (CuxOy) through a single-displacement reaction that extracts the copper (Cu) from the original compound. In order to do this, hydrochloric acid (HCl) was mixed in with solid CuxOy; the mixture was stirred until the CuxOy was totally dissolved in the solvent. Zinc (Zn) was then added to the solution as a way to enact a single displacement reaction in which Cu begin to form on the Zn; the Cu gets knocked off the Zn through gentle stirring. To isolate the Cu, the supernatant liquid was decanted and the Cu was then washed with first water then second, isopropyl alcohol. Once done, the hydrated Cu is transferred onto an evaporating dish where it was heated multiple times
Technetium, this is very bad for the environment it has a very long half-life, 212,000 years,
In this lab, iron filings and copper sulfate pentahydrate were chemically reacted to produce iron sulfate and copper.
Native Silver, or more commonly know as just “silver,” is a mineral that is created from the element silver (also called Argentum; abbreviated on the periodic table as Ag). It is seldom found as a native element mineral. Instead, it has tendencies to mix together with other minerals such as quartz, gold, and copper.1 11 Silver is actually not really reactive. It is even considered one of the “noblest” of the transition metals, noblest meaning “least chemically reactive.”5 In fact, it is used in many dishes as a fancy garnish that is able (and sometimes meant) to be eaten. Native silver also has one of the highest conductivity rates, both electrical and thermal, of metals. Because of this property, it is used in many electronic circuits as a thin coating.5 Due to its shiny, lustrous quality, native silver is also used for jewelry, decorations, and ornaments.
Cobalt(II) bromide hydrate (2.170 g, 9.17 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (50 ml) which formed a dark blue solution. Dimethylglyoxime (2.209 g, 19 mmol) was added to the solution turning it dark red-brown. The solution was held under a gentle stream of air for 30 minutes and a green precipitate formed. The solution was cooled in an ice bath then vacuum filtered and washed with cold acetone (twice with 15 ml) to yield the green precipitate (1) (2.85 g, 5.97 mmol, 83.9% yield).
Release of Gas was seen in (B1, B2, B3, B4, A6) as bubbling occurred due to the reaction of Copper chloride with: Aluminum shot, Aluminum foil, Zinc, Ammonium hydroxide, and Silver nitrate.
Physical and Chemical Properties (2001, January 16). In Material Safety Data Sheet. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/msds/nh4no3.htm
It contains 8 protons, electrons, and neurtons. It is also classified as a nonmetal, which
Tellurium can also by obtained commercially through the process of electrolytic copper refining. The cost of pure Tellurium is twenty-four dollars per one hundred grams compared to the cost of unpurified Tellurium at forty-four cents per one hundred grams. Of all of the Tellurium available to the world about ninety percent of it is found as a byproduct of copper. The rest is found in small deposits of bismuth, gold, and silver. The amount of telluride ores found can be large on these deposits, but is only cost effective to mine when bismuth, gold, and silver are also recovered. There are rumors that in China that there is a large deposit of Tellurium, but upon investigation into the mine it was determined that it was bismuth telluride ore. It is estimated that the amount of Tellurium that can be recovered in a year can be as much as 3,200 tons. While actual reports of the recovered amount is near twenty-five to fifty percent of 3,200 tons. Meaning that 1,600 tons could possibly be the most Tellurium we can recover and produce in a year from a 1997 study done by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory
It is a bluish-silver, lustrous metal that tarnishes in moist air, producing a layer of carbonate.
Its hardness is as follows: Mohs- 6.0, Vickers (MPa) 1100-8000, and Brinell (MPa) 980-1350. Lastly, the element has a density of 12.4 grams per cubic centimeter (Rhodium Element Facts).
Metals possess many unique fundamental properties that make them an ideal material for use in a diverse range of applications. Many common place things know today are made from metals; bridges, utensils, vehicles of all modes of transport, contain some form of metal or metallic compound. Properties such as high tensile strength, high fracture toughness, malleability and availability are just some of the many advantages associated with metals. Metals, accompanied by their many compounds and alloys, similar properties, high and low corrosion levels, and affects, whether negative or positive, are a grand force to be reckoned with.