Contents
Contents 1
List of Table 2
List of Figure 2
Abbreviations 2
Symbols/units 2
Introduction 3
References 7
List of Table
Table 1Milk and meat production and related GHG emissions – global average 4
List of Figure
Figure 1Production of commodity in selected country (1990 – 2011) 3
Figure 2 Most produced commodities in selected country (1990 – 2011) 3
Figure 3. Relative contribution of world regions to milk production and GHG emissions associated to milk production, processing and transportation 5
Abbreviations
GHG Greenhouse gas
FPCM Fat and protein corrected milk
CAGR Compound annual growth rate
ECM Energy corrected milk
Symbols/units
CO2-eq. Carbon dioxide equivalent
Introduction
It is very difficult to find something that has only good impact or character, but we have to choose things in respect of how much “good” over the “bad”. With the increase of world population, it become mandatory to produce more food using limited resources. And hence science already helped us in various way to increase production by multiple fold. It is visible to every sector and it creates more pollution and environmental alteration due to use of various chemical as well as with the increase of production of commodity it needs to be stored or to transfer to other region and causing serious effect on the environment. But we cannot stop the production of agricultural produce or transportation or storage, what can we do? We can try to minimize or reduce the affecting material to the environment by using technology and as well as by increasing the awareness. Dairy sector in Ireland continuously giving its best effort to meet that goal.
A dairy is a business farm or enterprise for cultivating, harvesting, storage, production a...
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... Olesen, J E, Schelde, K, Michel, J, Friedrich, R and Kaltschmitt, M (2006) Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in European conventional and organic dairy farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 112(2-3), 221-232.
Willeke-Wetstein, C, Bauer, S, Schmidt, A, Abresch, J-P, Steinbach, J (1997) Livestock and the environment: Finding a balance. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for livestock production systems. Study report to GTZ. Eschbon.
Proulx, M, Mazumder, A (1998) Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs.nutrient-rich ecosystems. Ecology 79(8) 2581-92.
Bos, J F F P and de Wit, J (1996). Environmental Impact Assessment of Landless Monogastric Livestock Production Systems. Livestock and the Environment: Finding a Balance. FAO/World Bank/USAID.
Rome.
1. Policy
2. How to write legislation?
3. How to refer legislation?
4.
From a financial and marketing standpoint, the effects have been catastrophic. In some areas, milk production has decreased by an average of two liters daily and calving index (efficiency at which new calves are produced) went down by an average of twenty days (Davies NP). Th...
When most people picture a farm, their minds usually entertain the idea of acres upon acres of green land with cows roaming the pastures, chickens making nests, and pigs galavanting in the yard, however the reality is much more sinister. The cows are no longer roaming fields but standing in their own manure, the chickens are being shoved into small metal crates, and the pigs will never see the light of day. Factory farming is an industrial process in which animals and the products they generate are mass produced. The animals arent seen as individual sentient beings w/unique physical and psychological needs but as eggs, milk, meat, and leather. Because factory farming is a business its goal is to maximize production and, consequently, profit. Since the animals are seen as mere commodities, they are bred, fed, confined, and drugged to lay more eggs, birth more offspring, and die with more meat on their bones. According to the Animal Legal Defense Fund, “There are currently no laws governing the conditions in which farmed animals are raised.” I believe the consequences of this agribusiness are environmental
Even though there is a variety of nutritious food all over the world, while the food you have during the winter is less vitamin deficient the food comes at a great ecological cost. With every action comes a consequence; hence, humans do not take the time to acknowledge what they eat and how it affects our environment. Transporting a variety of foods from all over the world hurts our plant due to the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, which causes more pollution (Source D). This transportation issue can be resolved by simply purchasing locally grown food because the carbon dioxide being released to the atmosphere causes drastic climate change. McWilliams asserts, “But New Zealand lamb is raised on pastures with a small carbon footprint, whereas most English lamb is produced under intensive factory-like conditions with a big carbon footprint.”(Source C). Not only is carbon a consequence of transportation but also of the factory conditions; hence, the amount of carbon released i...
...farmers and ranchers today raise 13 percent more beef from 30 percent fewer cattle. The modern cattle rancher uses less water, produces less greenhouse gas, and is preventing overgrazing. Cattlemen today are more environmentally sustainable than they were 30 to 40 years. Although cattle farmers have a more efficient beef production today, producing 16 percent less carbon emissions, using 33 percent less land, and requiring 12 percent less water to maintain.
Cows are not worth raising because of the several problems revolving around them, along with the minimal health benefits they have. Arthur Knopf’s essay points out the health problems with dairy, but there is even more evidence to show alternatives to dairy can be increasingly beneficial. According to LiveScience contributor, Jessie Szalay, “if you buy calcium-fortified almond milk, the calcium levels will likely match or surpass cow’s milk.” Options that are more beneficial than cow’s milk should be explore instead of continuing to raise cattle. Knopf’s essay also mentions that cattle negatively effect the environment through methane and crop consumption, but there are several other ways that they are detrimental on the environment. One way
Since World War Two, the demand for convenient food, ethnic foods, and fresh fruits and vegetables has risen as a result of increases in income and the prevalence of dual-income families, together with the desire for food variety and healthy foods. The agriculture industry works and develops to meet these demands. Into recent times, societies share a growing concern regarding the environment, climate change, food safety, and animal welfare. Pertaining to agriculture, these concerns question issues such as soil and water conservation practices, use of pesticides and chemicals in crop production, growth promoters, and livestock treatment practices in animal agriculture. However, the industry’s scientists continue to work and research ways to balance the industry and bring environmental and economic
Cows farts. Cows farting. That’s it. A single average Cows farts about 70 kilograms of methane a year. Currently there are about 1.3 – 1.5 billion cows on our planet. With America and India, themselves with over 400 million cows combined. That equals to 105 thousand Million kilograms of methane farted into the air Annually. That’s more than 3x the amount of total Carbon Emissions. So far you guys are probably thinking “Wow we need to stop breeding so many cows”. No. If we want to have a nice and warm New Zealand than we need to stop worrying about Climate Change. Do you want to wake up to a cold morning? Do you want to go to sleep in a cold environment? I don’t think so. By us Kiwi’s not reducing our Carbon Emissions, we will have much warmer summers and winters which I think is just great. Imagine if New Zealand became tropical. It would bring in so many more tourists and generate our country More
Furthermore, factory farming can also be very dangerous for the environment. Gale (2013) states, “...the livestock industry accounts for 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, while the methane produced by cattle and their manure has a global warming effect equivalent to that of 33 million automobiles.” By working together to stop factory farming, people can save their environment. They will also have a cleaner air to breath ...
Our world is growing! Growing in population that is, but the resources are staying the same. To help with the growing of the population that will be happening in the 21st century, science and agriculture need to work hand-in-hand. They need to stand together to make a break through together, to insure that everyone will have food on their plate. We need to work to have larger yields with the land we have. Some people say that humans need to change their diet, and others say that we should destroy hundreds of acres of wild land.
Some of the serious environmental tribulations related to food production and consumption consist of “climate change, water pollution, water scarcity, soil degradation, eutrophic...
“Currently 80% of the world’s agricultural land is used directly or indirectly for animal production. In the US over half the total land mass is used for the production of meat and dairy products” (Clarke).
Agriculture also leads to soil erosion, both through rainfall and wind. This soil can damage the aquatic ecosystems it ends up in, an...
In accordance to Charles (2010) the term sustainable agriculture means “any system of food and fiber production that follows the following goals: (a) Reduction of the use of off-farm inputs that have a great potential to harm the health of farmers and consumers or the environment, (b) production of biological and genetic potential of plant and animal species, (c) profitable and efficient production with emphasis on improvements of farm management and conservation of soil, water, energy, and biological resources, (d) incorporation of the natural processes, including fixation of nitrogen, nutrients cycling, and pest-predator relationships into the agricultural production processes, and (e) improvements of the match between cropping patterns and the productive potential and physical limitations of agricultural lands to ensure long term sustainability of current production levels”.
(The Sustainability of Irish Agriculture, n.d.) Sustainability is very important on my home farm. Practices have been put in place that won’t cause harm to the environment. My home farm is a small, family enterprise and I feel that new approaches are needed in order to maintain the farms sustainability status. Non-renewable inputs that are harmful to the environment or to the health of farmers should be minimised. As well as this, farmers have knowledge and skills that could be put into use, therefore substituting human capital for costly external outputs. Sustainable agriculture outcomes can be positive for food productivity, reduced pesticide use and carbon balances. (Agricultural Sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence, 2007) In this essay, I will discuss the principles and practices of sustainable agriculture, identifying how they may relate to my home farm. I will then discuss whether or not present activities can change to more sustainable methods in the
Today agriculture is the livelihood of most poor underdeveloped nations. This communal life blood provides a majority of the population with a source of employment, nourishment and income. It is considered to be an invaluable skill, that is taught down from generation to generation along with a sense of respect for the environment. However as a nation begins to undergo development, so do their food production systems. The country's newfound development causes significant restructuring of their agricultural production practices. This restructuring leads to poor environmental practices, and adverse agriculture methods. Increased economic development/production negatively affects a country's environmental and agricultural health.