Kenji Kuriyama et al. set out to measure atmospheric concentrations of CO2 using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method to the near-infrared spectral region in order to assist with the global effort in cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Infrared and near-infrared (NIR) absorption of CO2, CH4, and other trace molecular species is the leading cause of the global warming effect. The various species located in the lower troposphere can be monitored effectively using DOAS in the visible spectral range. The DOAS method measures atmospheric pollutants by measuring absorption and light scattering over a light path of a few kilometers.
Prior to obtaining measurements on an atmospheric scale, Kenju Kuriyama et al. produced and measured in lab tests which utilized a tungsten lamp and a CO2 sample cell. The absorption measurement of CO2 was conducted by passing a 100 W beam of light from a tungsten lamp through a quartz pipe 30 mm in diameter and 1000 mm length containing CO2 gas at a pressure of 1 atm. The light was detected by an InGaAs NIR detector in the wavelength re...
College football is one of the most exciting sports organizations in the sporting world. Not only is it thrilling on the field, but also off the field as well. This particular sport organization brings in a ton of money that benefits itself, as well as other sports organizations at the college level. There is a huge demand for success for this organization and if the standard of winning is not there, even for a year, anyone working for that particular school may lose their job. A job I aspire to have is being a college football coach. This job is extremely thrilling as well as displeasing compared to any other job in the organization. The spotlight is not only on the players, but also it is on you as a coach. It is very difficult to keep a job in this organization if as a coach you do not produce a winning record. College football may be the best sports organization to work in and also the worst at the same time.
Since measurements began in 1958 -- and it can be assumed to have been the case since the industrial revolution -- emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has risen steadily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels (Quay, pp 2344). Although there is much argument over the implications of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, there are several points that almost all scientists would agree on: firstly, carbon dioxide acts to absorb radiated heat; if present in our atmosphere will do just that to some extent. Second, the concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is rising. Third, the temperature of the planet is rising - although the amount of this increase and the causes of this rise are subject to disagreement (Philander, pp 193).
Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is an important process because it allows plants to produce glucose, as well as oxygen. Based on evidence from previous experiments, the growth of the plant will reflect the amount of CO2 gas that is present in the environment (O’Leary and Knecht 1986). This means that the plant growth relies on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to be successful. Therefore, in several cases, it has been noted that when the concentration of CO2 is doubled, the plant growth will similarly increase (Carter et al. 1997). So, it can be concluded that by raising the amount of carbon dioxide in an environment, the surrounding plants will experience an increase in growth.
Human activities have led to an exponential increase in the use of fossil fuel. The benefits of using fossil fuels are short lived in comparison to its long-term negative effects. In the last couple of decades, the major consumption of fossil fuel played a significant role in the rise of concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Roughly two trillion metric tons of CO2 have been emitted in the atmosphere and over a quarter of these got mixed with the ocean water resulting in ocean acidification (Buffie and Carr, 2010).
In 2008, Prop 2 in California was supported by groups such as the HSUS and other groups. Prop 2 has enforced “… Packer/processors, grain producers, suppliers and those in the business of selling food, must recognize this, the organization focuses on different types of animals, such as: dolphins, whales, cats and dogs (Lovvorn & Perry, 2009).” Prop 2 was a law concerning animal holdings. It declared that animal holdings, such as cages, must be large enough for the animals to have room to extend their legs, move around, and not be cramped.. The Humane Society of United States and PETA supported the organizations to inform the people on the sidelines about the different tactics one could take to save the animals. The Humane Society of United States used the ability to spy as a tactic. Therefore the organization used a small pen sized video camera. In the The Barnyard Strategist, “The HSUS released the video in San Bernardino County, district attorney, the story made national headlines.” This can be related to the movie we watched in class “The Cove,” in which a group of men broke into a slaughterhouse of dolphins and whales to catch the ones who were slaughtering the animals. They did not know about the cameras. This helped provide footage to show how the animals were actually treated. The HSUS used merging different organizations such as the smaller animal welfare groups together, this was able to help the organization increase their money to help the company be able to inform others about animal abuse. Pacelle’s strategy consisted of creating a ballot measure that will allow those who are vegetarian and vegan to help reform the ballots. They use media to help get their point across by using a male who is vegetarian who strokes...
not completely accurate, but it is a good estimate of the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere through our
Imagine a world where everyone and everything is loud. You have no control and the world seems chaotic. No one understands you. That would be too easy. Something is not right: the lights, the people, you do not know. You scream. You are just so upset, you cannot think. It is difficult to even function. Something breaks. You can hear it somewhere in the distance. When you come to, there is a hole in the wall and broken glass. When did this happen? Everyone is quiet and they are all staring at you. You look down. You have cuts on your hands. There are a few brave souls that venture towards you. They keep asking “what’s wrong?” and “what can I do to help?”. You want them to leave you alone. You just want someone to understand you even though sometimes you do not understand how to express your feelings. This is the kind of thing that sometimes happens to people that have autism. More specifically, it happens to those who have Asperger’s Syndrome. The situation above does not apply to everyone with Asperger’s Syndrome. Some people with Asperger’s learn to control it. For some people words that other people say or a change in the order of things will can cause a “meltdown” or what some people call sensory overload. A change that could cause a meltdown might be if their mom goes to a different store with them in tow. For a while a group of medical professionals were debating on whether to get rid of the word Aspergers and change to autism spectrum disorder. This would be problematic for many reasons. some of those reasons include how people are being overdiagnosed, facts about autism, and what scientists are finding out about autism. Autism is a disorder that affects the everyday life of people and their families. Autism can affect wh...
We humans cannot help but feel a twinge of regret when we contemplate how we brought forth the plague of global warming by our own hands in the passing years. Aside from rising sea levels as deluging coastal cities and depleting ozone layers as increasing cancer rates, we inevitably come face to face with one simple realization: it’s getting too hot in here. Moreover, we have been devastated by various extremes of nature, with spring frost storms and summer hurricanes arriving with increasing frequency. However, numerous though the causes of global warming may be, the general consensus is that carbon dioxide, which results from the burning of fuels such as coal, is the main culprit; this gas has now formed a high concentration blockade in the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping and thus increasing the temperatures of our planet. Therefore, after assessing all facts of the problem, I humbly propose that we collect the CO2¬, compress it, and then place it into soda cans. Then, we shall store the soda cans underground, whence the CO2 originally came.
For the past few million years, the Earth’s climate has been changing in a periodic fashion between warming trends and deep freezes. The levels of C02 in the atmosphere tend to show a close correlation with these temperature changes. Evidence for this on a timescale of millions of years can be seen using the Geocarb III model, about 800 million years ago, the C02 saturation was nearly 7000 parts per million (Berner, "Geocarb III: A Revised Model of Atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic Time"). Today the C02 concentration seems to be increasing but is still below 500 parts per million ("Scripps CO2 Data - Mauna Loa Observatory", 2014). The entire process of these changes in temperature and C02 occurred without any human intervention. The human species has only been in existence on a timescale of thousands of years and cannot remain on Earth for an i...
Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor of green house gases. While carbon dioxide comes from many natural sources, it is the main greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Carbon dioxide is released...
The emission of green house gasses due to human activity contributes the most in increasing global warming. Today, fossil fuels are used as a source of energy for transportation, electricity, industrial process and to increase human comfort in this era. Over the last decade humans have created mass amount of industries. These industries have been burning fossil fuels such as coal, which release carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide absorbs heat that raises the temperature of the earth. More than 80% of carbon dioxide comes from tr...
Us humans release a lot of carbon dioxide. When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is on the increase in our atmosphere due to car emissions. Approximately eighty percent of CO2 increases because of man’s use of fossil fuels. When there is more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, the more sun rays are absorbed.
The most destructive human contribution to climate change is fossil fuels combustion, which results in the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Increased carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and halocarbons levels in the atmosphere cause an imbalance in the earth’s energy. This is because the gases alter solar radiation and thermal radiation which regulate the earth’s energy. Research indicates that anthropogenic climate change is the cause of the increased global warming over the last fifty years. 57 % of the carbon dioxide emitted is absorbed into the atmosphere while the rest is absorbed into the oceans. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the most central greenhouse gas that is associated with global warming (Eby, Zickfield, Montenegro, Archer, Meissner, & Weaver,
A main cause in the recent studies of global warming is the usage or aerosols. Aerosols are a substance enclosed under pressure and able to be released as a fine spray, typically by means of propellant gas. An aerosol can range from hairspray all the way to dust particles in the air. The new worries that are starting to show prominence in society today are the increase in carbon dioxide from t...
According to a chart made by NASA, it shows that the number of atmospheric carbon dioxide in these 650,000 years. For the past 650,000 years, the number of atmospheric carbon dioxide were lower than the carbon dioxide