The literature drew attention to the fact that traditional wastewater treatment methods in Vanuatu have one stage of treatment. This has led to a various environmental impacts caused by inadequately treated effluent leaching from septic tanks contaminating groundwater and leading to health problems for humans and the environment (SOPAC, 2007). In order to further treat the effluent from the septic tank and reduce the environmental impact of wastewater disposal, soakaway trenches were identified as an appropriate method. The soakaway were designed in accordance to the South Australian Health Commission Waste Control Systems code.
Cost analysis of the PWSS and WWTDS was completed to provide the client with a cost estimate of the system. The two systems were broken down into their main components and priced accordingly. As the project will be extensively funded by external organisations in Australia, the prices were obtained in Australian dollars. The prices were sourced from credible manufacturers and stockists who are known for their quality and reliability.
Evaluation of the PWSS and WWTDS indicates of the proposed integrated water system fulfils the design requirements of the project. The simplicity of the engineering design reflects existing practices observed in Vanuatu and the cultural expectations of the Port Resolution Community. As the proposed systems are already implemented in Port Resolution; this emphasises the cost-effectiveness of system. The cost-effective system is further highlighted by the simple design and low construction and maintenance requirements. As the both systems have few moving parts; this increases the standard maintenance period while reducing the reliance on electricity. Hence, less inco...
... middle of paper ...
...points of the water surface was assumed to be five centimetres.
The cross-sectional area, A, and the wetted perimeter, P, could be computed using Equation 1313 and Equation 1414, respectively. The hydraulic radius, R, denoted by Equation 1515, could be determined (Hamill, 2011). The slope, So, of the gutter was taken as the ratio of the fall of the gutter to the total length of the gutter (Equation 1616). These dimensions were read from the provided architectural drawings. The velocity, V, of the stormwater discharging through the gutter was computed using Manning’s velocity equation for open channel hydraulics (Equation 1717). As all the gutters would be made from wooden material, the Manning’s roughness value, n, was taken as 0.12 (Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2006). Figure 38 is a sketch of the triangular cross-section which defines various parameters.
City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works Bureau of Engineering. Wastewater Facilities Plan Update. 1990
...lk about projects such as these two,we must bear in mind that there are relatively great chances for the government to atleast have awareness of the underlying practices and situation. If we use the alternatives, it will incur cost but it will let go of the sacrifices and compromises poverty stricken nations have to pay. On the stakeholders i.e. the general masses it will be beneficial as they will be paid for their work in legal framework and will be provided water products in the market (Me, 2014).
The idea of retrofitting suds into existing developments was introduced to tackle the problems assiocated with traditional drainage systems which were designed to convey stormwater from the devlopents to receiving enviorments as quickily as possible to minimize flooding at the development. These however cause enviormental problems in receiving enviorments
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
Storm Water Drainage: This is simply the water from rain, melted snow, etc. draining into
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Ubilla, Javier, Tarek Abdoun, Inthuorn Sasanakul, Michael Sharp, Scott Steedman, Wipawi Vanadit-Ellis, and Thomas Zimmie. "New Orleans Levee System Performance during Hurricane Katrina: London Avenue and Orleans Canal South." Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering (2008): n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.
“Operational design is a journey of discovery, not a destination.” Operational design provides a framework, with the guidance of the Joint Force Commander (JFC), that staffs and planning groups can use to give political leaders, commanders, and warfighters a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the problems and objectives for which military forces will be committed, or are planned to be committed. Furthermore, operational design supports commanders and planners to make sense of complicated operational environments (often with ill-structured or wicked problems), helps to analyze wicked problem, and devise an operational approach to solve the problem in the context of the operational environment.
The hydraulic Network of the water supply Distribution system and the town water supply design has been analyzed for the present situation. During data analysis, the nodal pressure and pipe link velocity has been determined to identify high or low pressure zones areas of the node/junction where the pressure is higher or lower than the design criteria of system network. These findings of hydraulic Network of the water supply Distribution system of the town bring the suggestion and recommendations that will help to improve the water supply system of Woldiya
Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage such as: the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important; as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community. A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of wastes that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment.
Before delving in to what is actually wrong with seawater desalination plants, it is important to establish that there are plenty of alternatives available. One of the best alternatives is to adopt more efficient practices, such as conservation of water, and recycling storm water and grey water (from washing machines and bathrooms...
Sources for this paper have been literature, the Annual Report 2003, further Bosch publications and internet sources.
There are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solution to a problem. Even though engineer’s goals are similar, there are many different things that engineers do within their selected field of engineering. This paper will focus on the architectural field of engineering.
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.
Water and Waste Management Engineering addresses water and waste water treatment, surface and ground water pollution and control, solid and hazardous waste management, contaminant transport and behaviour in the environment. Support areas involving aquatic chemistry, computer modeling, simulation and laboratory experimentation as examples are also stressed.