UIntroduction
Today, internet become a modern arena and is used by terrorists for fund raising distribute messages, and recruit new members. This groups known as Cyber Jihadists.
Unlike cyber terrorism use of computers to attack networks and create chaos. In other hand, cyber jihad is information presented on behalf terrorist organization and it’s seemingly less threating than cyber terrorism and can be used for many activities that directly support war. Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) is one of cyber terrorism organization. It is a collection of pro-government computer hackers aligned with Syrian President Al Assad. Recently SEA claims several attacks include a denial-of-service (DOS) against the New York Times’ website last month by hijacking its Domain Name Server, redirecting legitimate web traffic to an SEA server and rendering the site inaccessible for several hours. Today, Al Qaeda start its destructive attention to cyber jihadist. In on chilling video , one of al Qaeda leader call for “electronic jihadist” against United States ,and compares vulnerabilities in vital American com...
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., & Holt, T. J. (2011). Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
The Internet is the place "the gas meets the fire," says Evan F. Kohlmann, a senior examiner with the NEFA Foundation, a New York-based terrorism research association. He also states that it gives the medium where might be egotists can attempt and select bamboozled and furious young fellows and amplify that outrage to persuade them to do demonstrations of savagery. Washington Post staff journalists Steve Coll and Susan B. Glasser say that the obscurity and worldwide span of the Internet has encouraged terrorism. Web terrorist initiates don't need to go to terrorist camps to get prepared. Terrorist volunteers can get to an inconceivable online library of preparing assets that disclose how to make bombs and arrangement assaults. Additionally, Coll and Glasser claim, the nature of the Internet makes frustrating terrorist assaults anticipated the Internet more troublesome than impeding those arranged in the physical world. Simon Finch, who co-creator with Gabriel Range of the 2004 BBC2 dramatization, The Man Who Broke Britain, which inspected reasons for alarm of cyber terrorism, attests that cyber terrorism represents a genuine risk to universal security. He refers to, for instance, a cyber-assault that debilitated to close down Estonia's administration and money related
For approximately the past three decades, a terrorist group has come to plague the world with its activities (Gunaratna, 2002). This group is known as Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda, when translated means “The Base”. It is a terrorist organization that seeks to remove western influence from the Middle East and spread its radical Islamic views. Al Qaeda’s most prominent leader was Osama bin Laden, until his death during a raid upon his compound in Pakistan. The Al Qaeda’s motivation stems primarily from extreme and deeply rooted religious beliefs. Their most used method of attack is through suicide bombers and improvised explosive devices. This organization has also used chemical warfare and at this time is believed to still actively seek to utilize chemical and biological agents as means to battle.
The power to disable an enemy force without ever having to fire a shot might be closer than we think. While no one knows exactly what the future holds, it seems viruses, Trojans, and worms will continue to be used in an effort to attack and disable opposing forces across the world. If the United States wants to remain in an advantageous position in the information war, spending towards cyber security in our nation will have to increase. This book provides an enjoyable start to learning about information warfare, historical examples of how information has shaped battles, and what to expect in the years to come.
”Attacks implemented by cyber terrorists via information systems to (1) significantly interfere with the political, social or economic functioning of a critically important group or organization of a nation, or (2) induce physical violence and/or create panic. We define hackers as individuals who (1) wish to access/modify data, files, and resources without having the necessary authorization to do so, and/or (2) wish to block services to authorized users. Cyber terrorists are individuals or groups who utilize computing and networking technologies to terrorize. In this paper, we study the behaviors of two groups of hackers: cyber terrorists and common hackers" (Hua & Bapna 2013).
A tactic that underpins terrorist group's success is to blend in with the local populace. Terrorists wear no distinguishable uniforms. Use false identities. Hide from view inside protected sanctuaries such as mosques. As stated by a leading researcher and scholar on internet use by terrorists, “With over 1.4 billion persons on the internet… it is not surprising to find terrorists among that population” (Denning 2010, 1). Terrorist groups use the internet and other modern technologies for various reasons. By means as video, text and images terrorists will for example, learn, communicate and conduct business (Denning 2010, 1-2). Malign actors use cell phones, the internet and video recorders for a wide range of activities to train, issue propaganda and to conduct reconnaissance among other purposes according to a recent Rand study. (Don et al., 2007, 9).
Terrorism represents a continuing threat to the United States. It is the most significant threat to our national security. Terrorist attacks have definitely left many concerns about the possibilities of future incidents of terrorism in the United States. Since the events of September 11, 2011, Americans and much of the world are afraid. Americans are at war with terrorism and no longer feel comfortable. A part of this unease feeling has to do with cyber terrorism.
These days internet is a boon and everybody is using it right from schooling. We are able to connect one part of the world to another using internet. But there are few dark sides by the usage of internet. Taking terrorists under consideration, they are able to retrieve data through internet and wifi devices by which it gets harder to trace them out. Cyber terrorism is one of the major crimes in this world.
The term jihadi was not always commonly recognized in the United States. It was not until the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that the word jihad became widely known. Since the terrorist attacks, the media and the U.S. government have used the word jihad to invoke frightening images of non-Americans coming to destroy American freedoms and to define Islam. Today, scholars have begun to try to define this complex word and its multitude of meanings. When viewers tune into the news, it is sometimes difficult to unravel the layers of information that is being fed to them by the media and the U.S. government. In its most literal form, the term “jihad is an Arabic term meaning, as a noun, ‘struggle’ or, as a verb, ‘to exert effort’ toward a goal” (International Ency 1). However, in Mary Pat Fisher’s book Living Religions the chapter on Islam discusses how the definition of the term jihad is “commonly mistranslated as ‘holy war’ (Fisher 148). While the media frequently portrays jihad consistent with the idea of “struggle,” the media almost always flips the definition on its head by suggesting that this struggle is a malicious struggle between two groups of peoples, each of whom believes that righteousness, and in many cases God, is on their side and evil is on the other side. Suggesting that jihad and violence are in connection with each other has been the case since pre-modern times. In fact, Fisher suggests that the primary associations of the word jihad are religious, specifically with reference the Prophet Mohammad and to the religion of Islam, but also invoke a sense of violence or resistance against an opposing force. While violence and jihad have typically been spoken about together, as of late, the...
The term “cyber terrorism” refers to the use of the Internet as a medium in which an attack can be launched such as hacking into electrical grids, security systems, and vital information networks. Over the past four decades, cyber terrorists have been using the Internet as an advanced communication tool in which to quickly spread and organize their members and resources. For instance, by using the instantaneous spread of information provided by the Internet, several terrorist’s groups have been able to quickly share information, coordinate attacks, spread propaganda, raise funds, and find new recruits for their cause. Instantaneous and unpredictable, the technological advantages these terrorists have obtained from using the Internet includes
Many nations in the world - the United States, China, Russia, Iran, Germany, and more- use cyber warfare as a method of conducting sabotage and espionage. Nations, such as China and Russia, use espionage in order to prevent their economy and their military technology from falling behind by stealing advanced nations’ technology. Other nations, including Israel and Iran, focus on sabotaging other nations to cripple them, by sending malwares that destroy important data on the system, from advancing their technology and costing them a decent amount of money due to repairs. Another popular cyber attack used, mainly with hacktivist, government- sympathetic groups not owned by the government, and nations less advanced in technology, is Denial-of-service, or DoS. DoS is used to hinder the target’s website and other things that are maintained by computers by making it unavailable to intended users. People argue there are no benefits for cyber warfare due to its potential destructive powers and instant process of destruction. While other people-looking from a different view find that cyber warfare does have its benefits. They argue that an important benefit is that cyber warfare takes place in cyber space meaning that it does not physically harm people. They also argue that cyber warfare draws the awareness of the nation on the ever increasing dangers of cyber warfare and forces the government to set up stronger cyber security to fend off international attacks, which also help protect the government from internal hackers. It also creates more jobs for hackers, who use their knowledge to increase the security instead of harm it. Although cyber warfare produces damaging effects on a nation, in the long run, it crea...
With the development of technologies, Cyber Attacks have been increased rapidly in the past few years. Probability of causing damage to critical state infrastructure like nuclear or defense system, air traffic control, other governmental institutions, business and citizens leads to the problematic issue of its attribution, which is being highly debated in international Law. This Article by Nicholas Tsagourias makes contribution in that debate and revolves around the question of ascription of cyber-attacks as an armed attack and the right of self defense by the victim state in response to such attacks. However, the law of war requires that the cyber-attack must be attributed before a counterattack is permitted. This Article critically evaluates different obstacles of attribution like anonymity (determination of attacker’s identity), attack from different jurisdictions, and presentation of evidence in order to exercise the right of self defense by throwing the light on various political, technical and legal aspects.
McGuffin, Chris, and Paul Mitchell. “On domains: cyber and the practice of warfare.” International Journal 69.3 (2014): 394+. Academic OneFile. Web. 5 Oct. 2015.
Taylor, R.W., Caeti, T.J., Loper, D.K., Fritsch, E.J. & Liederbach, J., 2006, Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism, 1st Edition, New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
It is asserted in another article Terrorist Use of the Internet: Information Operations in Cyberspace by Catherine A. Theohary and John Rollins. Both of them claimed that terrorists are using cyber space to dismantle different information operations through induction of fraudulent financial procedures, hacking and disinformation. They have argued that terrorist may use cyber space for the social and economic assistance. Moreover they have reviewed different American internet security agencies like DOD, FBI and NSA, and have devised that already many preliminary steps have been taken to combat cyber terrorism but they have stressed on the need of further planning of restricting the cyber warfare (Rollins and Theohary, 2011).