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Identity andpersonality
Identity andpersonality
Identity andpersonality
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There are many striking similarities between the Hawaiian forgiveness ritual ho’oponopono and traditional western counseling approaches. Ho’oponopono means to make to ‘make anything rightly right’. It communicates the profound hidden need to live in harmony with oneself and with humanity, nature and God. To ‘make rightly right’ signifies an intention, after deviating off course, becoming complete in body and spirit and achieving happiness and wellbeing. The traditional western counseling approach I would like to compare ho’oponopono is the reconstruction of dissociated schemas.
The Hawaiian kahunas who practiced ho’oponopono believed that each human possesses three selves. The lower self ‘unihipiliis’ is seen as communicating personality moving towards things, people and experiences that it likes, and moving away from things it dislikes. The ‘uhane’ the mental self expresses the intellect and higher aspirations. The middle self is s able to think in extended time, cumulating knowledge, individuality, increasing understanding through its capabilities to discriminate. The higher self ‘aumakua’ can be translated to “utterly trustworthy ancestral spirit.” To ‘make anything rightly right’ means to connect oneself again with one’s higher self. To return to harmony and be balanced once again so that one is able to restore the environment and reshape reality. Ho’oponopono is a four step process; the first step the individual asks to reach a place of recognition, intelligence, courage power and peace; the second step the individual describes the problem , it may be a judgment they have made a specific action they feel ill at ease with or a memory that requires healing.; the third step entails saying the four sentences ...
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...in new information; the ability to modify and elaborate the schemas in different contexts and as individual influences change. Reconstruction of dissociated schemas is a three component process characterized as arousal, symbolizing and reorganizing.
References
Barratt, B. B. (2014). ON THE MYTHEMATIC REALITY OF LIBIDINALITY AS A SUBTLE ENERGY SYSTEM: Notes on Vitalism, Mechanism, and Emergence in Psychoanalytic Thinking. Psychoanalytic Psychology, doi:10.1037/a0034973
Bucci, W. (2011). The role of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in the reconstruction of dissociated schemas; converging perspectives from psychoanalysis, cognitive science and affective neuroscience. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28(2), 247-266. doi:10.1037/a0023170
Lee, P. J. (2007). Hoʻopono. Mountain View, HI: I.M. Pub., Ltd.
Steiger, B. (1981). Kahuna magic. Rockport, Mass: Para Research.
The Hmong culture is evidence that health worlds exist. Health worlds exist in which health is understood in terms of its social and religious context (SITE BOOK). Spiritual beliefs in the Hmong culture are strongly connected to their view and description of health and illness (SITE 6). Illness in the Hmong culture is believed to be caused by evil spirits, a curse from an unhappy ancestor, or a separation of the soul from the body (California Department of Health Services, 2004). Paja Thao, the shaman in “The Split Horn” emphasizes his belief that a soul can separate from its body and the failure to return back to the body is a sign that the individual will become ill. Like the Chinese concept of ‘Ying and Yang’, Hmong people believe that the balance between the body and soul determines perfect health. Paja Thao believes that a body is attached to seven souls, and when there is a loss in a soul, illness occurs. In contrast to this holistic concept that the Hmong’s believe in, the Western culture is not able to predict when illnesses will occur. Instead, the dominant biomedical model of health focuses on preventing depression through a healthy life style, such as exercise and nutrition
Luyten, P. (2015). Unholy questions about five central tenets of psychoanalysis that need to be empirically verified. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 35, 5-23. doi:http://dx.doi.org.vortex3.uco.edu/10.1080/07351690.2015.987590
Michalon, Max. “’Selflessness’ in the Service of the Ego: Contributions, Limitations and Dangers of Buddhist Psychology for Western Psychotherapy.” American Journal of Psychotherapy 55.2 (2001): 202-218.
When comparing the healing philosophy that underpins healing practices of the indigenous tribes it’s evident that all cultures share similar beliefs.
Ramaswami, S. & Sheikh, A. (1989). Buddhist psychology: Implications for healing, In A. Sheikh & S. Sheikh's Eastern and western approaches to healing: Ancient wisdom & modern knowledge, NY: John Wiley
...ative American dialects there is no statement for “religion,” on the grounds that otherworldly practices are a vital some piece of each part of every day life; they are important for the concordance and equalization, or wellbeing, of the singular, family, clan, and community. Mending and love are viewed as one and the same. For some Native American individuals, the idea of wellbeing and health is a physical state, as well as an otherworldly one too. Customary Native American perspectives of mending and wellbeing underscore the need of looking for congruity insider oneself, with others, and with one’s surroundings. A dynamic relationship between the physical and soul world is underscored alongside with significance of looking for congruity and adjust in both. For some Native American individuals, health through deep sense of being is not a piece of life; it is life.
Cultural competence has to do with one’s culture. Culture affects among other factors, how children are raised, how families communicate, what is considered normal or abnormal, ways of coping with issues, the way we dress, when and where we seek medical treatment, and so forth. I should know because I come from a very cultural home where it is considered bad to talk to a male doctor about anything gynecological.
Culture, is defined as the beliefs, customs, arts, and way of life of a particular society, group, place, or time of a particular society or group of people. (Merriam_Webster Incorporated) The concentrated focus of the content herein will surround the customs, beliefs, attitudes, and ways of life that have come to dictate how Egypt and the Egyptian people have gone from a Sub-Saharan dynasty of rule to the revolutionary culture we see today. Provisionary concepts that will provide awareness to the societal impacts the Egyptian people have created or endured will align with the Civil Considerations outlined if Field Manual 3-24 “Counter Insurgency” which are areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events. (Army)
The psychoanalytic perspective grew out of subsequent psychoanalytic theories (1901, 1924, and 1940) following decades of interactions with clients with the use of an innovative procedure developed by Sigmund Freud that required lengthy verbal interactions with patients during which Freud probed deep into their lives. In a nutshell, the psychoanalytic perspective looked to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focussing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges. The Biological perspective on the other hand looks at the physiological bases of behaviour in humans and animals. It proposes that an organism’s functioning can be described in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that cause behaviour. This paper attempts to examine the similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic perspective and the biological perspective with the key focus on the core assumptions and features of these perspectives as well as their individual strengths and weaknesses.
The theory of psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, asserted that people could be cured by “…making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations…”, therefore gaining insight into their behavior and state of being (CITE). The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, because Freud believed that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious mind. In certain cases, individuals would have manifested symptoms caused by “…latent…”, or hidden disturbances (CITE). Typical causes could include unresolved issues during development or as a result of repressed trauma. Those who practice psychoanalysis believe that only with a cathartic experience can be the person be helped and therefore cured. In other words, , Freud’s treatment focused on bringing the repressed conflict to consciousness, where the patent then could wo...
For example, Carlisle (1993) understood, “Dissociation, fantasy, and compartmentalization enhance personality and behavioral differences” (p. 25). Moreover, in “Extreme cases of childhood trauma psychological issues can emerge” (p. 26), soliciting memories hidden in the subconscious later resting in the concepts of self and identity. Whereby, the relationship between dissociation, repression, and self could be due to libido suppression. Porter (2013) explained, Jung deduced, individual choices are subjective and suggestive residing at the “Core of the spiritual self” (p. 249). When there is a lack of libido, depression may arise, and the unconscious will attempt to direct the conscious energy in a rational direction. For example, if a person is hungry, sleepy, or desires sex, the libido energy force tries to fulfill those needs through objects. Each object holds distinct values for one’s subjective judgments and tendencies,...
iv[iv] As quoted by in a lecture on Sigmund Freud, available at http://www.bham.ac.uk/english/bibliography/CurrentCourses/Freud/FreudLecture.html, 12 December 2001.
The key aspect of cultural awareness is understanding the differences between people from other countries, races, beliefs and values. Individuals who are culturally aware are accepting of other cultures; they also make an effort to understand other cultures. Others will label these cultures as “incorrect” owing to the fact that they lack the understanding of cultural awareness.
Mind, body and soul co-exist in the Eastern Culture. “The Eastern idea of health and disease is look upon as the two sides of a coin…Every individual person is in a state of balance between external insults and internal defensive mechanisms.” ( Tsuei 1978). For example the Eastern approach takes in account of heavens and the earth” ( Tsuei 1978). If in curing the sick you do not observe the records of heaven nor use the principle of earth , result will be calamity.” ( Tsuei 1978). The Eastern culture looks at the universe and the laws of nature, in choosing treatment for their
Cultural awareness is where one becomes open to new beliefs, cultures, and religions. It requires one to be open to new ideas and perceptions, without discrimination. Cultural awareness also requires one to understand his or her own beliefs to better learn about another culture’s differences.