cholecystolithiasis is the term used for the presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. NHS choices (2012) highlights gallstones as the most common cause of emergency hospital admission for people with abdominal pain. Every year the NHS performs more than 60,000 gallbladder removals in the UK. The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is a cholecystectomy. As cholecystolithiasis is the most common cause of abdominal pain, I have chosen this as the subject of my essay.
The gallbladder is a small storage vessel for bile, and is attached to the underside of the liver and above the small intestine. The bile is a greenish brown alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and concentrated in the gallbladder. According to MedlinePlus (2014) bile contains mostly cholesterol, bile salts, bilirubin, water and electrolytes. As the stomach releases its contents into the small intestine, it stimulates the gallbladder in response to the vagus nerve activity produced when foods are passed from the stomach. Causing it to release bile through the bile duct into the duodenum. The bile keeps the intestine’s contents at an appropriate pH for digestion, and to help break down fats for further digestion. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (2008)
Duxbury, M and Parks, R (2011) suggest gallstones form as a result of abnormalities in metabolism, infection and bile equilibrium. Imbalances in the cholesterol and bile acid levels can lead to cholesterol crystal precipitation, which act like a nucleus around which gallstones can form. There are 2 main types of gallstone, cholesterol and pigment, and they are classified according to their main constituents. Cholesterol stones being by far the most common. Gallstones can vary in size from ...
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...sing the Surgical Patient. 2nd ed. London: Harcourt Publishers Ltd. pp302-303.
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Prior to intubation for a surgical procedure, the anesthesiologist administered a single dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, to a 23-year-old female to provide muscular relaxation during surgery and to facilitate the insertion of the endotracheal tube. Following this, the inhalation anesthetic was administered and the surgical procedure completed.
WebMD. (2005-2014). Heart Disease Health Center. Retrieved on March 2014 from world wide web at http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-heart-attacks
The gallbladder according to Dorland’s Medical Dictionary is ‘the pear shaped reservoir for the bile on the posteroinferior surface of the liver, between the right and the left quadrate lobe, from its neck the cystic duct projects to join the common bile duct’. The function of the gallbladder in the human body is to solve and concentrate bile, which is produced by the liver and is necessary for proper digestion of fats.
“Definition.” Mayo Clinic. ED. Mayo Clinic Staff. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 05 Jan.2012. Web. 03 Dec 2013.
Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 08 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2013.
Weight Watchers Diet, What you need to know ADDENDUM TABLE 3 TO WEIGHT WATCHERS DIET. (2014). Retrieved from US News: http://health.usnews.com
According to Career Cruising, “anesthesiologists are doctors who administer drugs or gases that prevent patients from feeling any pain or sensation during surgery.” They monitor the patient before, during, and after the operation. Career Cruising also noted that before surgery, anesthesiologists consult with patients and make decisions
Brody, Michael, and Donald Martin. “The Role of Anesthesiologists.” Physicians Protecting Patients. N.p. N.d. Web. October 21, 2015. An anesthesiologist is a physician who has received at least 8 years of schooling and has completed a residency program dealing with anesthesiology. Now, a licensed physician, an anesthesiologist deals with the administration of anesthesia during many medical procedures, including surgical or obstetric procedures, and pain management for acute and chronic illnesses, or cancer related pain. Anesthesiologists are also in charge of “anesthesia care teams” that include the anesthesiologist, an anesthesia assistant, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and an anesthesia technician. As the leader of the care team, the anesthesiologist is responsible for assessing the patient before, during, and after medical procedures, as well as developing and monitoring performance and quality of practices and standards in regards to administering anesthesia. The entirety of
K, Florentyna. "Cirrhosis life expectancy." Living with liver disease. Spruz social websites, 05/21/2010. Web. 4 Nov 2011. .
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Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 04 May 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
Laparoscopy is a minor surgical procedure done under general or local anesthesia. It is usually performed as an out-patient procedure. For detection of cysts and lesions, laparoscopy is performed by making a small incision in the navel and then inflating the abdomen with carbon dioxide. Next, a laparoscope (a long, thin instrument used for viewing) is carefully inserted into the inflated abdominal cavity. The abdomen and pelvis is then inspected for lesions and cysts.
Anesthesia is used in almost every single surgery. It is a numbing medicine that numbs the nerves and makes the body go unconscious. You can’t feel anything or move while under the sedative and are often delusional after being taken off of the anesthetic. Believe it or not, about roughly two hundred years ago doctors didn’t use anesthesia during surgery. It was rarely ever practiced. Patients could feel everything and were physically held down while being operated on. 2It wasn’t until 1846 that a dentist first used an anesthetic on a patient going into surgery and the practice spread and became popular (Anesthesia). To this day, advancements are still being made in anesthesiology. 7The more scientists learn about molecules and anesthetic side effects, the better ability to design agents that are more targeted, more effective and safer, with fewer side effects for the patients (Anesthesia). Technological advancements will make it easier to read vital life signs in a person and help better decide the specific dosages a person needs.
The Web. The Web. 22 Jan. 2014. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580>. High cholesterol levels in the body.
Everyday, people go through surgery and require a specialist that will monitor their surgery as well as give them what they need to be able to persevere the pain, which is exactly what anesthesiologists do. In order for the patients to be able to get into surgery and deal with the agonizing aches after the abscission, anesthesiologists have to give the sufferer the proper treatment before and after the surgery. Overall, anesthesiologists must be highly educated in both medicine and communication, they need to be able to give the patient the right amount of medicine as well as speak with the family of patients and other doctors to inform them all with what will be done during the surgery, and they need to be able to properly assist the surgeons during operations.