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Database system vs information retrieval
Database system vs information retrieval
Database system vs information retrieval
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1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DBMS AND IRS FUNCTIONALITIES
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
Database handles with structured data by using well defined formal language for data manipulation. Information Retrieval deal with unstructured data without a well-defined logical schematic.
Database have fixed schema driven in some data model such as relational model. Information Retrieval has no fixed schema and has various data models such as vector space model.
Database uses structured query model. Information Retrieval uses free-form query models.
Database contains rich metadata operations. Information Retrieval contain rich data operation.
Query will return data. Search request will return list or documents.
Database will return results that are exactly matching. In an Information Retrieval, result are based on close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact.
2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
2.1 DATA
Data is the plural word of “datum”, which means it just only a fact. Data can be described as raw material whether it is written in physical form or stored in electronic devices. It also can refer as facts, figures, statistics related to an object and discrete items, such as the name of a person or the price of a house. If the data collected is meaningless, the information presented will be meaningless as well. Since data is a raw fact which doesn’t make sense on its own, it will be processed into information.
The manipulated and processed form of data is more meaningful and it is used for decisions making. There are several types of data which are image, audio, video, text and numbers. Data can be separated into two parts, which are quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative...
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...xample of structured data is databases and XML data.
4.2 UNSTRUCTURED DATA
The term unstructured data point out to any data that has no identifiable structure. For instance, images, videos, email, documents and text are all considered to be unstructured data within a dataset. While each individual document may contain its own specific structure or formatting that based on the software program used to create the data, unstructured data may also be considered “loosely structured data” because the data sources do have a structure but all data within a dataset will not contain the same structure.
Short Message Service (SMS) is one of the examples of unstructured data. It's indexed by date and time, sender, receiver, but the body of a text remains unstructured. Other example of unstructured data is books, documents or journal, and social media posts.
...arge proportion of the raw data is inaccurate, out of date, biased, or otherwise useless.13
A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things, and events. Oracle stores each data item in its own field. For example, a person's first name, date of birth, and their postal code are each stored in separate fields. The name of a field usually reflects...
Knowing how to use statistical data and information can be a hugely beneficial in many aspects of your everyday life, whether you realize it or not.
In today’s fast paced technology, search engines have become vastly popular use for people’s daily routines. A search engine is an information retrieval system that allows someone to search the...
The Internet has become a popular source for retrieving information on practically any subject. This information can generally be retrieved in a matter of seconds. With the popularity of the internet as a research tool it’s important that the information received is reliable and accurate. In general, when one uses a search engine to perform a search on the internet, the quantity of information returned is astronomical. “In a world of information overload, it is often extremely difficult to get a grip on the correctness, completeness and the legitimacy of the information and material available in the internet.” (Prins).
Turban et al., (2011, p. 52) describes a data warehouse as being ‘a pool of data produced to support decision making; it is also a repository of current and historical data of potential interest to managers throughout the organisation’. Turban et al., (2011, p. 52) went on to state that ‘data are usually structured to be available in a form ready for analytical processing activities (i.e. data mining, querying, reporting and other support applications)’.
In the year 2000 there was an estimated 2.5 billion web pages on the internet, with a growth rate of 7.3 million per day. Linear algebra is used in the organization and sorting of these web pages when storing them in an internet search database. The vector space model;is used to enhance search results by representing them as two vectors, the document vector and query vector. Each dimension in the vector corresponds to a different term. If the term occurs in the document, its value in the vector is a non-zero value. Several different ways of computing the term weights have been developed, one of which is the frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) weights. The frequency portion if td-idf refers to the frequency of the term within the document. The inverse document frequency is the log function of the total number of documents / divided by the number of documents in which the term appears.The frequency-inverse document model just multiplies these 2 values. Using the cosine similarity between the document and query vector allows the computer to group data together or output data that is similar. The major advantages of using this model over the standard boolean model is that it allows ranking of documents according to their relevance, and it allows partial matching. There are a large number of variations of ...
Data quality is defined as “an inexact science in terms of assessments and benchmarks” [93]. Similarly high quality data can be described as “data that is fit for use by data consumers” [94].
Kammerer, Y., & Gerjets, P. (2014). The Role of Search Result Position and Source Trustworthi-
A user who is loyal to one or two search engines would therefore find it ‘easy’ to retrieve information, provided their choice of search engine successfully provided the required data. If, however, the chosen search engine were not successful, the user would then have the option of either altering their selection of words, or try again on a completely different engine, one that may be uncharted territory for the user.
One aspect where information acts as something valuable is in the area of sports. The National Football League is a billion dollar business. The careers of coaches, players and general managers can rest on one play or one game. To minimize mistakes or to find any advantage, teams spend millions of dollars to pay scouts to provide useful information. One part of putting together a winning team is doing well on draft day. Teams do a tremendous amount of research on every player who is eligible to be drafted. The NFL has its own private investigation firm. It is called NFL Security, and it is rarely seen or discussed. Its job is to compile information about every possible draftee. If players smoke marijuana at Saturday-night parties, it's probably in their files. If players stay in bars past 2 A.M., it's probably in their files (Sports Illustrated p.34). The purpose of NFL Security is to prevent a team from investing millions of dollars in a player who might have drug or other problems that could prevent a player from performing up to a certain standard. "For the amount of money involved here, the employers would like to know good hard facts about their potential players. Employers deserve that. And we're going to give it to them," says Mike Ahlerich, an employee at NFL Securities (Sports Illustrated p.
Ridsdale, C., Rothwell, J., Smit, M., Ali-Hassan, H., Bliemel, M., Irvine, D., … Wuetherick, B. (2016). Strategies and Best Practices for Data Literacy Education. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1922.5044
This information can be understood and manageable by the software. These data objects can be printer, user, sensor which is external entities. Things in the form of reports, displays etc. Events like interrupt, alarm. Specific role in the firm like manager, engineer, salesperson. Firm units e.g., division, team. places e.g., manufacturing floor workshops. Structures e.g., employee record, student record,accounts, file. Let us take an example of data object Vehicle which has the following attributes Make, Model, Color, Owner and Price. Each instance of data object can be identified by unique identifier like in a university student is recognized by its Roll number.
The main aim of this project is to research on the integration of “Natural Language Processing “ and information systems engineering to enhance query retrieval in natural language processing.
that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of