4.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this chapter is to outline the findings of the survey that was conducted in order ascertain various aspects concerning national budget allocations towards sustainable housing. To start with, the objectives of the research are restated, the research methodology is outlined. The survey results are then presented and examined according to each objective. The chapter concludes by summarizing key findings.
4.1 RESTATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to establish to why the 1996 Zambia National Housing Policy’s objective number one of allocating a minimum of 15% of the national budget towards sustainable housing has not been achieved since its implementation. To achieve this aim the study had the following objectives:
OBJECTIVES ACCOMPLISHED
1. To establish the challenges being faced by the government in the achievement of the goal of allocating 15% of the national budget towards housing. This objective will be covered in this chapter
2. To examine strategies if any in which the National Housing Policy’s objective one can be achieved. This objective will be covered in this chapter
3. To investigate whether the political economy could have an effect on what is going in terms of allocation of funds. This was covered in chapters two and three. It looked at economic liberalism and the welfare state and political and economic liberalism as driving factors for policy formulation.
4. To examine alternative ways of supporting and increasing sustainable housing development. This was partly met in chapter two. It looked at other measures being employed elsewhere such as the subsidy schemes in South Africa.
Source: Author, 2013
4.2 RESEARCH METHODOLODY
Two sources of data were used i.e. primar...
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...ust also be highlighted that the lack of investment seems not only to be as a result of the budget constraints but also a lack of commitment by the government of invest in the housing sector.
The study also reviews that the NHP has no implementation strategy which has hindered the progress of the housing sector. The study further produced contrasting opinion on whether the realization of the NHP objective was realistic. On one arm (MoF), it was found that this goal can never be achieved as the provision of housing is supposed to be private sector driven as evidenced by the number of incentives that are being provided such as tax holiday. On the other arm (MLGH), the view was that the goal is realistic employing measures such as prioritizing the housing sector, multi-sectoral approach towards housing and putting up deliberate intervention on housing in each ministry.
introduced Department of Housing, Home Savings Grants Scheme and Housing Loans Insurance Corporation to help more Australians own their own home
The need to reduce these imposts is a key driver for continued improvement in Council processes to streamline the approval of housing related development applications. There is a direct correlation between the cost of housing and the time it takes for Council approval to be obtained for a development. It is the intention of this project to isolate the unnecessary costs and, where possible, remove them from the assessment process.
Blau, J. (2004). The dynamics of social welfare policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
“Understanding people who are homeless also plays a very important role – as many poor people who are being provided homes through government schemes are renting their homes to others and they are going back to their previous dwellings (slums/huts). The solution to slums is not to evict people, or to eradicate the dwellings, but to create conditions so that people can improve their own dwellings, with the assistance of the community. One of the best ways to do that is by giving slum-dwellers security of tenure, so they know they are protected against arbitrary, unfair, or illegal eviction. If people know that, even if they only make a couple of hundred dollars a year, which many people do, they'll spend money improving their house that they wouldn't otherwise do if they were afraid of being evicted. If governments acted in partnership with people in this way, many good things could
Markets have a big impact on the economy of any country. In the United Kingdom, one of the main markets that effects its economy is the housing market. According to FTI Consulting LLP (“FTI”) (2012) housing is of intrinsic importance to the economy and society. Housing has a dual role as: a human need, through its functional use as somewhere to live and the influence of its attributes on people’s well-being; and an asset, given that for many it is a long term investment which represents a large proportion of their wealth. The housing market is divided into two main types, the first type of housing market is known as the rental market where tenants rent properties from landlords (Anderton, 2008). The second type of housing market is the owner-occupied market where people buy a property in order to live in it (ibid). In recent years, several non-price factors have led to the increase of property prices in the United Kingdom. These factors are subcategorized into non-price factors of demand and supply. According to Anderton in Economics (2008) “demand is the quantity of goods and services that will be bought at any given price over a period
Affordable housing refers to housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is or below the median household income. For example, affordable housing should address the housing needs of lower or middle income households. And for sustainable communities, it is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially healthy and resilient.. According to the Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS): "Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and livable communities.” As we can tell, all affordable housing, sustainable community, and social sustainability are
Compare and contrast the ways in which housing inequalities are discussed from the perspectives of social policy and criminology, and economics (TMA 02)
Nevertheless, the previous researches were either focused on the role of affordable housing associating with residential stability or educational improvement for children and employment outcomes for the adults (Manturuk, 2012). Others also emphasized that affordable housing could contribute to community-wide economic development, both for troubled and vibrant communities (Lubell et al., 2007). In addition, even the past researches started to examine the impact difference from various categories ownerships versus; however, the subcate...
The provincial government follows the long-term affordable housing program and keep municipalities with the legislation to address the local housing needs. Also, Region of Peel (2015) introduces a Peel accessible through the house to apply for social housing and home in Peel ownership program for low-income residents to rent a unit for a living. The region of Peel (2015) develops a Peel Housing and Homelessness Plan in 2013 to increase the security, reasonable, and accessible housing in Peel.
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
Housing in inner city areas was poor quality and in a 1991 census it was found that over 1 million homes in the inner cities still lacked the basic amenities of bathrooms, WC’s and hot water. The occupants have low incomes and are often elderly, young
...ncil only built 29 homes last year. Lots of houses tied up in NAMA that could be used. In my own constituency of Dun Laoghaire Rathdown there are currently - properties that could be used. What is required is a large scale social housing development last seen since 1932. A large quantity of social housing that was previously owned by Dublin corporation and Dublin City council were privatized Public housing private financing joint ventures may need to be pushed if the government cannot be coerced into building large scale social housing projects. Municipal housing associations . Mention gentrification maybe tie the 'no rent supplement' issue into this. Dun Laoghaire Rathdown county council favours this because more affluent tenants means more money for the council's budget, a larger volume of social housing would mean a larger amount of not paying property tax.
Kennedy A. (2014) Castle Vale Housing Action Trust: Lessons in Regenerating Communities Lecture, University of Birmingham.
Many constructors tend to want to build higher-class housing from which they can make good profits rather than construct essential housing for working class families. As a result, this becomes problematic in that housing will fall on the governments which already face great financial problem with the overall development of their countries. Nonetheless, many underdeveloped countries strains are imposed by the lower standards of health and hygiene and by the need to provide additional educational facilities for rapidly growing populations. Problems of providing social services such as water, sanitation, and sewage disposal are aggravated by poverty of migrants in the cities such as Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Vienna, New York, Mumbai or Johannesburg,
Nevertheless, the standard has been reduced to no more than 40% until recently. Such dramatic change of the figure has made the goal become ambiguous. Practically, the government has tried many methods in dealing with the housing problem. Housing code enforcement is a method that tries to regulate minimal conditions for rental housing. However, this method does not seem to work because it brings additional costs to the tenant. On the other hand, the government tries to help people become homeowner by benefits in kind, such as imposing tax exemption on first home down payment and low interest rate on mortgages. However, the method does not really aim at helping the poor. Moreover, the government tries to increase the supply of housing by building new shelters and buying existing apartments. Yet, none of these work efficiently. The reason that building new shelters does not work is because most of these new housing projects are expensive and time consuming.