Xenon
Xenon is element number 54 on the periodic table of the elements. It has a mass of roughly 131 atomic mass units. There are 77 neutrons and 54 protons in the nucleus of the atom. The symbol for xenon is Xe and it belongs to the family of elements called the noble gases. It is called a noble gas because the valance shell of one atom contains a full shell. Xenon is one of the most stable elements on the table. The 54 electrons are arranged, so that there are
2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, 18 in the 3rd, 18 in the 4th and lastly 8 in the 5th shell. The melting and boiling points of xenon are extremely low. They are -111°C and -107°C respectively.
Xenon and most of the other noble gases were discovered by Sir William
Ramsey and M.W. Travers from England in 1898. The two scientists discovered it mistakenly while experimenting with crude krypton, another noble gas. They were separating the elements in the crude krypton through a process called fractional distillation. In fractional distillation, the process separates two elements that have different boiling points. Basic-ally, when a sample is heated, the faster element leaves first, leaving the second element behind. Krypton was known to have a boiling point at a temperature that is lower than xenon. So the scientists could predict that heating the mixture would leave krypton in the container, while the faster boiling xenon leaving it. After the two scientists separated krypton and xenon, they identified it as a new element through the emission spectrum of the gas.
Xenon is used heavily in light bulbs. Many of the bulbs in camera flashes have xenon in them, because they can be used over 10,000 times without burning out, as well as producing a good balance of all colors. Xenon is also used in medical purposes. Local anesthesia is made up of 20% oxygen and 80% xenon. Xenon also can be injected or breathed into the body to give clearer
M.R.I.'s or X-rays. In addition to the uses above, xenon is also in movie projector lamps, advertising lights, and bubble chambers, Bubble chambers are devices used by physicists that are used to detect nuclear radiation. The element is very chemically stable and unradioactive and is generally not harmful to man. Xenon is also nonflammable. It is only when it combines with other elements that xenon becomes hazardous. Xenon compounds are highly radioactive.
This element accounts for a very minimal amount of the earth's crust. Only
3x10-9% of the earth contains xenon.
The oxyacetylene torch is one of the most reliable types of oxy-fuel torches out there. These torches use a combination of oxygen as well as fuel gas (acetylene), to cut and weld metals. Acetylene makes a very hot and steady flame, which can be effectively used to precisely cut or melt
Neon has an atomic number of 10, and a mass of 20.180. Neon has three stable isotopes: neon 20, 21, and 22. These three isotopes comprise 90.92 percent of natural neon, 0.26 percent of natural neon, and 8.82 percent of natural neon, respectively. There are five other isotopes of neon, and they are all radioactive. None of these five isotopes occur in nature.
It has a molar volume of 9.38 ×10-6 m3/mol. Molybdenum has an atomic weight of 95.94 amu. Its atomic number is 42. The atomic radius is 145 pm and the covalent radius is 145 pm also. Its electron configuration is [Kr]4d^5 5s^1.
Beryllium has the symbol Be. In the older chemical literature, beryllium is called glucinium after the Greek word glykys meaning sweet, because of Vauquelin's initial description and observation of Beryllium. Beryllium's atomic number is 4, its atomic weight is 9.01 and in its pure metal form it melts at 1278 degrees Celsius.
...sed using a spectroscope. Neon is often used in signs because of its production of an unmistakable bright reddish-orange light. Although still referred to as "neon", other colors are generated with the variety of noble gases and by various colors of fluorescent lighting. Neon is also used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, television tubes, and helium neon lasers. When Neon is liquefied it is commercially used as a cryogenic refrigerant and the lower temperature range becomes more attainable with more the extreme liquid helium refrigeration. Neon both as a gas and a liquid are relatively expensive for example; the price of liquid neon even in small quantities can be more than 55 times that of liquid helium. The reason for neon's expense is because of neon’s rarity which unlike helium, can only be obtained from the air.
it is of medium intensity. Figure 1. Atoms labelled in 3 used in the NMR assignment. The 1H NMR spectrum shows that there are 18 protons in 11 different proton environments.
... and partly fill the need for absorption, and are particularly suited to blue light [8].
While all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, it is possible for atoms of one element to have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes . For example, all atoms of the element carbon have 6 protons, but while most carbon atoms have 6 neutrons, some have 7 or 8. Isotopes are named by giving the name of the element followed by the sum of the neutrons and protons in the isotope's nucl...
The name comes from the Latin word alumen, for the mineral alum. The electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. The element looks solid at room temperature and is a classification of other metals. Its crystal structure is cubic. Aluminum is not an element found in nature, it is found in the earth’s crust which is 8.2 percent of it. Aluminum is obtained from rocks called bauxite. It is the most available element. In the beginning, scientist suspected it was in the earth’s crust. There were many chemists who produced aluminum. The very first was Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. Its color is silvery-white with a bluish tint. The element is soft but it becomes strong and hard when combined with other elements. The atomic number of it is 13, which means that the atom has 13 protons therefore 13 electrons. It has 14 neutrons. The atomic weight is 26.98154. The melting point is 660.37 degrees Celsius. The boiling point is 2467 degrees Celsius. As for the atomic structure, the element has three energy levels. The first has 2, the second has 8 and the third has 3.
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) but with differing numbers of neutrons, different mass numbers.
rest mass is Me <approximately equal> 9.1 x 10 -28 g, about 1/1836 of the mass
is very large. In practical units, the fission of 1 kg (2.2 lb) of uranium-235