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Can literature help us understand history
History as literature
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Within chapters 15-18 of the public book Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, published in 2015, are major world history stories and themes concerning the foundation of global trade, revolution and scientific exploration. The authors, Elizabeth Pollard, Clifford Rosenberg, and Robert Tignor have done an incredible job providing content with connection across time and place. Subsequently, this enables individuals to collectively get involved regarding the use of such enlightening historical information, certainly this will not help people foresee the future or change the past, but help them understand the many different cultures of planet earth, significance of free trade, why people choose to immigrate, and the pursuit of happiness.
Personally,
Jared Diamond, author of the Pulitzer Prize Winning, National Best Selling book Guns, Germs and Steel, summarizes his book by saying the following: "History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among peoples' environments, not because of biological differences among peoples themselves." Guns, Germs and Steel is historical literature that documents Jared Diamond's views on how the world as we know it developed. However, is his thesis that environmental factors contribute so greatly to the development of society and culture valid? Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History is the textbook used for this class and it poses several different accounts of how society and culture developed that differ from Diamond's claims. However, neither Diamond nor Traditions are incorrect. Each poses varying, yet true, accounts of the same historical events. Each text chose to analyze history in a different manner. Not without flaws, Jared Diamond makes many claims throughout his work, and provides numerous examples and evidence to support his theories. In this essay, I will summarize Jared Diamond's accounts of world history and evolution of culture, and compare and contrast it with what I have learned using the textbook for this class.
A Separate Peace is a coming of age novel in which Gene, the main character, revisits his high school and his traumatic teen years. When Gene was a teen-ager his best friend and roommate Phineas (Finny) was the star athlete of the school.
During this era of global history from 632 to 1352 C.E, it is seen that the societies began to interact with other cultures leading to cultural diffusion which would have both positive impacts, such as new trade goods, on societies along with negative effects, such as being conquered, on these societies as well. The documents provided show these benefits and harmful factors of cultural diffusion during this global era. Documents one, two, four, and five show some of the negative effects of global interaction. Within this group document one, four and five shows how societies have a direct negative impact on each other. On the other hand document three and six show how global interaction can have a positive impact on societies.
...g. The tying together each small item to the events of world history symbolizes how the overarching theme of globalization involves many different aspects. Samuel Champlain’s excursion which could’ve been seen as complete accident actually helped establish a very profitable fur trade between North America. Chinese porcelain and its high demand introduced the world to the wonders of China as well as the rest of the world to China. Tobacco became a popular commodity of trade and was exported globally. Along with discoveries of routes, goods, and beliefs, and other things, the movement of people was, and still is, the most vital part of globalization. Without it, history wouldn’t be the same.
Christopher Columbus is profoundly known to be the key asset to advance European culture across seas. The Columbian Exchange, colonization, and the growth of slave usage throughout the usage of the Triangular Trade, all conveyed foreign practices to the American Continent while also interrupting, but at the same time joining with the lifestyles of the inhabitants of these lands. A mixture of processes and voyagers transformed America into a “new world”, catching the world by surprise. America would not have developed to the period in existence today, if it was not for this growing period of the “old” and “new” worlds. A global world is in continuation through today as nations continue to share cultural
Bentley, J., & Ziegler, H. (2008). Trade and encounters a global perspective on the past. (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 182-401). New York: McGraw-Hill.
After Europeans arrived in East Asia via the Indian Ocean, trade in the Far East changed dramatically moving towards a globalized economy. Between 1450 (39 years before the arrival of Vasco Da Gama) until 1750, the levels of trade in Asia reached a new peak; initial changes came in the form of the addition of new goods; and the eventual addition of colonization into the Indian Ocean Trade Network ultimately turned traditional “trade” into imperial relations. However, the importance of raw materials and the main Asian groups involved in the Indian Ocean trade network largely remained constant after European exposure until the start of British Imperial rule of India. Throughout these three centuries, economic superpowers rose and fell, leadership changed, and cultural exchange was highly prevalent, but the general philosophies, and religions of the societies involved in trade remained intact, resulting in far more positive interaction than in the New World.
Objects and goods are key drivers of globalization; the fundamental interconnection of people and ideas across borders. While examining the many exhibits and artifacts found in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, one can easily spot objects that spurred on global ideas and served as pieces of interconnection between cultures. Two individual objects stand out: a 17th century boxwood tobacco pipe, depicting the Ottoman and European wars, and an English sugar box from 1655 that highlights the nurturing qualities of the respective commodity. As we saw from examining commodities in Sacred Gifts and Profane Pleasures and Equiano’s life and journey throughout the Atlantic World, commodity trade can make its way around the world through not only heightened
Many people would be surprised that the things they associate with certain countries are not native to those lands. Sugar was not originally grown in the Caribbean and cows are not indigenous to the United States. Before the Age of Exploration, a period lasting for centuries with long-extending effects, Europeans had not truly begun to explore Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Even with the fearless adventures of the Vikings, Polynesians, and Ming Chinese, no extreme, lasting difference was created. Once people began exploring outside of their own worlds, great social, political, and economic change was ushered in with the exchange and alteration of people, plants, animals, technology, diseases, religion, and political systems.
The Spanish had landed in the “New World” rather than their desired destination, however, this land was not without its fair share of profits. The landing of Spanish ships in South America had kicked off a major event referred to as the Columbian Exchange, a period of
Flory, Harriette, and Samuel Jenike. A World History: The Modern World. Volume 2. White Plains, NY: Longman, 1992. 42.
Since the beginning of the 1500’s new concepts and new societies have emerged across the Earth. All of these new empires and nations appear to have been sparked with the founding of the “New World” by Christopher Columbus. Although many nations inherited many good things through trade and cultural interconnections, many contained corrupted experiences from these new connections, but in result, all the occurrences made the world interconnected between nations.
In his book, Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped Globalization, Nayan Chanda argues today's global interconnectedness is part of a process that has developed over thousands of years, as a consequence of natural human impulse. Chanda constructs his argument around four groups that have induced globalization: traders, preachers, adventurers and warriors. And while their intentions to profit, convert, explore and power are mostly self-interested, ultimately globalization has benefited the majority of the world’s population.
“The phenomenon of universalization, while being an advancement of mankind, at the same time constitute a sort of subtle destruction, not only of traditional cultures… but also what I shall call… the creative nucleus of great cultures…. We have the feeling that single world civilization at the same time exerts a sort of attrition or wearing away at the expense of the cultural resources which have made the great civilizations of the past” (Cole, Lorch, 2003:120).
‘Advancements in transportation and communications are bringing people from all over the world in closer contact with each other, the world is shrinking’ (Atma Global, 2011). There are different views of globalization. ‘Cowen thinks globalization makes culture diverse and quality, rather than turning everything into homogenised pap’ (Cowen, 2003). However, Baber argue that ‘the world is seen as monolithic, secularist, materialist homogenisation of culture, because of globalization’ (Baber, 2003). This essay will argue that the global diversity is disappearing, be replaced with homogenisation. Modern civilization is tending to be similar. People who live in different cities are more similar than ever before. Because of homogenisation on universal