Australia’s annual greenhouse gas emissions have historically been steadily increasing. However, in recent years this trend has stopped - the emissions rate has steadied. The Australian nation has been emitting in the range of 250,000 to 450,000 thousand metric tons greenhouse gases per year from 1990 to 2010.
Data from 2008 to 2012 show the carbon dioxide emissions as a fraction of the total greenhouse gas.
This goes beyond the limit agreed in the Kyoto Protocol, and hence appropriate measures need to be taken. Several possible solutions present itself in this scenario:
• Carbon Taxes
• Buy the necessary amount of carbon credits
• Make mining process more efficient
• Reduce coal mining overall
• Alternative sources
Carbon tax is what many people call the government’s policy of pricing carbon. The idea is that polluters will pay per tonne of carbon they release into the atmosphere. This cost was initially set at $23, and will increase until 2015. In 2015, there will be a shift to a trading scheme that will let the market set the cost. This idea is widely popular, and is thought of as the most effective and least costly mechanism to reduce carbon output and reduce the level of climate change that is occurring. The way carbon taxes can affect pollution directly is that it takes into account which mines and power stations emanate the worst pollution. For example, normally power coming from a dirty power station which emits a large amount of pollution will be considered to be equal to a clean power station which is able to produce as much energy despite being smaller. The carbon tax will be variable to this such that products from dirtier sources that cause more pollution will be more expensive than the cleaner ones. This is...
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...asification Combined Cycle
The Fluidized Bed Combustion method can burn several sources of energy – not just coal. This method focuses on reducing sulphur oxide and nitrous oxide levels by up to 90%. The processes involved in this method are burning coal in a reactor containing a filter which lets gas passed through it to keep it in an agitated state. The better technology then uses the heat exchanger and the fluidized bed combustion system to work at cooler temperatures as opposed the standard pulverized coal combustion systems. Gas streams with increased pressures through the filter are then made to activate a turbine, which, in turn, generates electricity.
Fluidized Bed Combustion methods can be split into a couple of groups depending on whether it is pressurized or not, and a futher two groups depending on whether the fluidized filter circulates or bubbles.
Nowadays climate change is the biggest problem of the human being. It is already happening and represents one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet. Climate change, also known as global warming is the seasonal change for a long geological period of time in the world that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, altering the composition of the global atmosphere. Australia faces significant environmental and economic impacts from climate change across a number of sectors, including water security, agriculture, coastal communities, and infrastructure.
So, this report is to study more about the greenhouse effect impact of climate change to wildlife to the world in one country which is Australia because climate change has become a major issue in Australia since the turn of twenty first century and climate change not only affect the natural system but also the wildlife. Wildlife is impacted the most in Australia.
Thesis: As the environment encounters damage from increasing levels of carbon dioxide, actions on both governmental and individual levels need to be implemented in order to protect the welfare of future life.
In smaller markets, individuals, companies and governments purchase carbon off sets to mitigate their own greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, electricity and other sources. Individuals might purchase carbon offsets to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by personal air travel. In 2006, approximately $91 million of carbon offsets were bought in the voluntary market, representing around 24 million metric tons of carbon dioxide reductions.
Among many of the major issues in the world global warming seems to be the controversial problem that just will not go away. Global warming is a major problem throughout the world that, despite the arguing of its existence, many people believe needs to be solved now. Officials say that if action is not taken soon, it will be too late to prevent catastrophic climate change. There are currently many proposed solutions. Some of these ideas include taxing businesses on certain pollutants and investing in new technology, as the main focus. Cap and trade happens to be the best of the many ideas out there. Although cap and trade has some economic drawbacks in the short run, it should be implemented as a system to limit pollution and improve health in the general community and will be economically beneficial in the long run.
Global Warming is a phenomenon in which the temperature on the Earth increases. Over history we see natural stages in our Earth’s climate between warm and cold periods because of increased Carbon Dioxide. These stages are usually cyclic but temperatures are rising faster than ever before (Pipkin). Ancient ice cores dating back 800,000 years show a steady level of greenhouse gasses (Scambos). Proving this point Ted Scambos states: “The dramatic rise in the gasses seen in the past few decades- from 315 parts per billion in 1958 to 388 parts per million for carbon dioxide. . . "(37). Greenhouse gasses are emitted from the burning of fossil fuels (Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrogen Oxides). These gasses create a barrier that traps the incoming solar radiation (Insolation) and reheats the earth. Carbon Dioxide is the most abundant of the gasses but not nearly as powerful as Methane. For instance, "Methane in the atmosphere warms the Earth over 20 times more per molecule than carbon dioxide does than after a decade or two, it oxidizes into Carbon Dioxide and keep...
Under the Kyoto Protocol countries are allocated carbon credit to emit specific quantities of greenhouse gases based on previous emission levels. The nations they divide the credits among their emitters and industries with deficits can buy the surplus credits to ensure they meet their emission requirements. Through demand and supply of credit, a monetary value for carbon pollution is established. This cost will, in principal, motivate polluters to develop technologies and modify practices to limit carbon emission. However, many critics of the of policy believe it ineffective and state “nothing less than a reorganisation of society and technology that will leave most remaining fossil fuels safely underground.” [Lohmann, 2006] The industries which are most reliant on fossil fuels and are the largest contributors to global warming will require the most expensive long-term structural changes, and therefore are le...
Prior to 2013, Australia was governed with a much more liberal style of leadership by the Labor Party. Environmentally friendly, they recognized the dangers of a warming world. In 2012 they implemented a carbon tax on the 348 largest business polluters; charging them a little more than $22 for every ton of greenhouse gas emitted ("Australia Votes to Repeal Carbon Tax."). Unpopular and controversial from the beginning, it became a major political and social debate which the Liberal Party successfully used during elections to oust the Labor Party. The Liberal Party vowed immediate repeal of the carbon tax if elected and on July 11, 2014 they kept their promise (“Australia Votes to Repeal Carbon Tax”). It was replaced by a 2.5 billion dollar taxpayer funded ‘Direct Action Plan’ which instead pays polluters to emit less pollution and switch to cleaner energy. Carbon dioxide emission reduction is such an important global problem, it needs to be immediately addressed, but not at taxpayer expense. The new ‘Direct Action Plan’ is nothing more than a paper promise that will do nothing for both the environment or greenhouse gas reductions and has been widely criticized by the global community for not going far enough in reducing dangerous greenhouse gases (Taylor and Hoyle). Global governments, including the United States and China, question whether Australia will even be able to meet a 5% reduction of 2000 gas levels using
Increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes global warming which can lead to climate change (Jamieson). Australia's major problem that they are facing now is climate change (Jamieson). Climate change is an ...
The most prominent negative externality is the pollution made from the production of goods. When market failure occurs, the government can implement a pollution tax to reduce pollution made by large companies. On 1 July 2012, the Australian government introduced a carbon pricing scheme which planned to tax $23 per tonne of emitted CO2-e (Carbon dioxide equivalent) and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging companies who polluted the air with emissions to increase energy efficiency and to invest in sustainable energy. By taxing companies who cause pollution and by using subsidies to encourage other forms of environmentally friendly forms of energy production, both the government and the environment can benefit. However, besides having
The United States releases twenty tons of carbon monoxide per person per year. Carbon Monoxide release is a result of burning fossil fuels with an insufficient amount of oxygen that causes the formation of carbon monoxide that pollutes our environment. Everyday fuel is burnt by cars, airplanes, large factories and manufacturing plants. This is causing a very large and deadly problem for our environment. When gases used on earth are released into the atmosphere they act as a blanket and trap radiation that is then redirected to earth. This concept is called the Greenhouse Effect (Bad Greenhouse, 1).
Much like pre-heater, boiler economizers take DM demineralized water (free of impurities like CA, MG, SILICA, etc.) and transfer it to a boiler feed water rather than combustion air. AFBC/CFBC boilers fluidized bed helps in burning of fuel like coal / lignite more effectively since these particles are floating due to high pressure. Preheated water is closer to the temperature needed to the produce steam this saves energy when the preheated feed-water enters the steam drum or furnace.
Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor of green house gases. While carbon dioxide comes from many natural sources, it is the main greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Carbon dioxide is released...
Humans and animals breathe out Carbon Dioxide, often referred to as the greenhouse gas, as a waste product. Plants take in this CO2 and use it to make food. This is called photosynthesis. During this process oxygen is released which is then breathed in by humans and animals. This procedure is repeated over and over and a natural balance is obtained. However this natural balance is disrupted by human activity. People of the world are putting more than 5.5 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. 75% of this is caused from the burning of fossil fuels. These fuels are burnt all the time to run factories, power plants and vehicles. The main sources of CO2 emissions are electric utilities, residential buildings, industry and transportation. The other 25% is induced by the destruction of the world's forests. The reason for this is that there are less trees and plants to take in the CO2 but there is just as many, if not more, humans and animals to breathe it out.
The world’s greatest powers have shown a lack of interest in the way that they are destroying the environment around them. The rise of the climate through the years has been altering how different organisms have had to survive. The world’s use of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions is at an all-time high. The countries with the highest CO2 emissions are same countries with the largest economies. The United States, China, India, Japan, and Russia are the top five leaders in CO2 emissions. All together they account for around 60% of the total carbon emissions worldwide. In order to cut down on the amount of CO2 emissions counties need start regulating their larger industries that create the highest amount of carbon emissions.