Working in College
Executive Summary
• Students are increasingly likely to work while in college. Since 1984, the fraction of
college students aged 16 to 24 who also work full- or part-time has increased from 49
to 57 percent. Not only are students more likely to work today, but they are more
likely to work full-time: the share of students working full-time while going to school
full-time has nearly doubled, rising from 5.6 percent in 1985 to 10.4 percent in 2000.
In 2000, 828,000 full-time students worked full-time, compared to 366,000 in 1985.
• Working students can be categorized into two groups: those who primarily identify
themselves as students but who work in order to pay the bills, and those who are first
and foremost workers who also take some college classes. Almost two-thirds of
undergraduates who work consider themselves “students who work”; the other third
consider themselves “workers who study.”
• In the 1995-96 school year, employed students worked an average of 25 hours per
week. Students at four-year colleges are more likely to work a smaller number of
hours per week. On average, working college students earn roughly $7.50 per hour.
• The empirical evidence suggests that the effects of working while in college varies by
the type of job held (e.g., full-time vs. part-time work) and its relation to the academic
environment (e.g., an on-campus vs. an off-campus job).
• Part-time student employment may have beneficial effects: for example, an oncampus
research position may spark a student’s interest in further academic programs
or provide important work experience that will improve future labor market
prospects. Working part-time as a student generally appears to supplant only nonproductive
activities, such as watching television. In addition, students who work
fewer than 10 hours per week have slightly higher GPAs than other similar students.
• However, full-time employment may impair student performance. For example, 55
percent of those students working 35 or more hours per week report that work has a
negative effect on their studies. Students working full-time also reported the
following liabilities: 40 percent report that work limits their class schedule; 36
percent report it reduces their class choices; 30 percent report it limits the number of
classes they take; and 26 percent report it limits access to the ...
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...l, and may even be helpful, for undergraduates
if it is limited. For example, part-time on-campus work appears to have no negative
effects on students’ enrollment rates or GPAs, and it may even have a positive effect.
Students similarly generally perceive that limited work does not have a negative effect on
their academics.
25 Study by Scott Schnackenberg, reported in Anne-Marie McCartan, “Students Who Work: Are They
Paying Too High a Price?” Change, 20(5), Sept-Oct 1988, pp. 11-20.
26 Philip M. Gleason, “College Student Employment, Academic Progress, and Postcollege Labor Market
Success,” Journal of Student Financial Aid, 23(2), Spring 1993, page 8.
14
Full-time work, on the other hand, does appear to have negative effects on student
enrollment rates and academic performance. It is therefore of particular concern that fulltime
work among full-time college students has risen sharply over the past 15 years. For
these students, the research suggests that, if possible, it may be prudent to find other ways
of financing college so they can complete their degrees, maintain their academic
performance levels, and thereby reap the long-term benefits of a college education.
A majority of people believe that graduating from college will result in a well-paying job. Unfortunately, a degree will not secure a job for many graduates. In the U.S., the jobless rate for college graduates in 2012 was 7.7 percent, and has further increased in the past five years(Robinson). With such a large pool of unemployed citizens for employers to choose from, recent graduates are facing fewer opportunities for work due to little or no previous work experience(Robinson). Although many graduates are faced with unemployment, the majority do receive the opportunity to work. Sadly, many must work jobs they do not enjoy for salaries that make it difficult to make ends meet(Debate). Students are faced with mortgage-sized debts upon graduation, making it difficult for them to start businesses, buy cars or houses, or make other investments that would better the
Friedrich Nietzsche is a German philosopher who lived in 1844 to 1900, and his proposition on eternal recurrence was one of his most discussed works. The concept states that the world is eternally self – destroying, then self – creating, over time. He radicalizes the Christian concept of eternity and combines it with simple reasoning to come up with an innovative concept. This paper will discuss in detail what eternal recurrence is and the implications of such a concept on free spirits, and whether adopting such a belief will make a person’s life better or not. The paper will then proceed to offer a response to criticism on Nietzsche’s proposition. The text to be used is the second edition of ‘Existentialism: Basic Writings’ by Charles Guignon and Derk Pereboom. This book offers good rudimentary synopsis of the four major proponents of existentialism: Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Kierkegaard, with excerpts from Husserl and Hegel aimed at giving a better explanation on the origin of existentialism. The author offers a simplified explanation on the various philosophical concepts by the philosophers mentioned above, making it easier to understand than would have been possible if one was reading the original works. The specific area of interest from the book is the area that covers Nietzsche’s Gay Science, as it offers insight on his concept of eternal recurrence.
...an build from, convictions that may be theoretical but are regarded to unconditionally almost as a faith. Nietzsche says science believes that “’Nothing is needed more than truth, and in relation to it everything else has only second rate value’(pg281).” He then questions how we even know that the scientific perspective is the correct one. Science condemned religion for lack of truth but what gives validity to science if the scope is only through one perspective. Nietzsche states “We cannot look around our own corner…(pg336).” The possibility that there are an infinite amount of interpretations that could be correct cannot be disregarded. This puts pressure on the scientific perspective, why should it be regarded to as the highest form of truth. He even goes on to say that its naïve to say your morality or idea on life is better or more correct than someone elses.
The idea of pasteurizing milk bagan in the 1920s, and later became an aspect of everyday life in the 1950s. Milk that has undergone this process is normally prefered since it is sterilized, therefore lowering the chance of human illness. However, it’s not the 1950s anymore, and the idea of pasteurizing milk has lost its luster for the people that now prefer raw milk. Unlike the milk that most Americans consume, raw milk has not been pasteurized, or quickly heated to a high temperature to kill harmful bacteria. In raw milk, these bacterias haven’t been removed, leaving people at risk. E. Coli, salmonella, and listeria are only some of the bacteria that raw milk carries, all of which can cause sickness, or even death. Common affects of consuming raw milk are diarrhea, stomach cramping, and vomiting, but it's the rare ones: kidney failure,paralysis, and death that causes raw milk to be illegal in half of the states and illegal to carry over state lines in its final form. Nevertheless, people still actively seek out and consume raw milk because they believe its nutritional values to be greater. Controversies surround this topic on whether organic food
Summary: In the essay, “Part-time Employment Undermines a Student’s Commitment to School” by Laurence Steinberg, it explains how studies show that teenagers that work while attending school are more likely to loose their commitment to school. Steinberg tells the effects on students when they work more than twenty hours a week. His theory was that students are more susceptible to losing their interest in school, while working. They may have to work in the evening time, which can interfere with homework, sleep and diet. Steinberg also elaborated on how these students that work receive money that can make school seem less desirable. Also because they do receive money, they can use their extra money to become associated with drugs and alcohol.
...nerally a more healthy people. Milk has many hazards that are veiled from the public and pose many grave risks to a consumers health.
Murray, Charles. "Are Too Many People Going to College?" The Journal of the American Enterprise Institute 8 September 2008.
Milk is the first food of mammals, providing all the necessary nutrients for survival and initial growth until weaning (Velten 10). It is only a small percentage of the world’s population that actually drinks milk. Most people prefer processed dairy products, such as butter, cheese and yogurt. Cow’s milk is probably the most controversial of foods. Its qualities and associated
Brint, S., & Cantwell, A. M. (2010). Undergraduate time use and academic outcomes: Results from the university of California undergraduate experience survey 2006. Teachers College Record, 112(9), 2441-2470.
It all started when the dairy industry funded a full page advertisement in the New York Times warning Americans of the major health emergency (Keon 17). By creating this fear in the lives of Americans it generates a urgency to stop the risk of osteoporosisThe false information about dairy products that has been blasted all over America, misinformed Americans for many years. Since the same information has been shared for many years throughout generations nobody has questioned it. The habit that was created by the dairy industry and being practiced by American is unhealthy. Consuming large amounts of dairy products is the normal thing to do and this is what the dairy industry has been attempting to achieve. Making the consumers addicted to a product only means that they will continually buy the product for the rest of their lives. Now that everyone believes the idea that dairy products is an essential part of the health of humans, dairy products become in high demand. Once dairy products become in high demand, the dairy products are produce in mass production. Mass production usually is not consistent with good quality and is always using unhealthy shortcuts to produce larger amounts of the product.The false sense of need for dairy products increase the chance of certain health issues to Americans because they begin to consume large amounts of dairy products. Dairy products usually contain unhealthy chemicals and hormones to enhance the growth of
It makes their family’s life become tough. They raise a question that why not letting these students go to work instead of this worthless education. As what is mentioned in the article “College degree still worth the investment, data suggest”, the author Mary Beth Marklein shows many evidences to support her main idea that the college education is still worth to invest because it can give college graduates higher wages. She showed the audiences a data, which pointed out that college graduates earned generally 56% higher that people who only have a high school diploma in the past four years. The author also said, “From 1982 to 2001, bachelor 's degree holders earned an average 80% more and associate 's degree-holders almost 30% more than workers with no more than a high school diploma”. The similar contents are also presented in the article “Median Salary Up Two Percent for Higher Education Professionals”. The author insists that the higher degree you get, the higher salary you will earn. In other word, it’s the truth that the college students might have heavy loans when they decided to go to college, but they
Since God is dead, life is meaningless, and destiny undermines faith, it is clear that another philosophy of life should be necessary, and Nietzsche provided an alternate philosophy of life that is life affirming. He calls for a new spirituality which involves rebirth of our nations, where we have an appreciation of earthly life and nature. When God is taken for a metaphor for the transcendent expierence of awe and wonder, it is revealed to be, not an answer but an invitation into that existential mystery that sits at the center of our life, breathing us and everything we know into being. God as a sign is dead, but God as a symbol is indispensable.
By attending college, students guarantees themselves a better job that the average Joe. Because the world is changing rapidly, and many jobs rely on new technology, more jobs require education beyond high school. With a college education, an individual will have more jobs from which to choose. In addition to obtaining a better job, people who go to college usually earn more money than those who do not. College furnishes you with proper credentials and documents to land high-level jobs. Figures from an A&E television program on ‘The Working Class’ show that in 2004 the average earnings were $23,895 for a high school graduate and $41,478 for individuals with a bachelor’s degree. Getting a college education is simply a stepping stone in ensuring yourself with a good start in life. Some may agree that college students are open minded and knows exactly how to expre...
College life for many new graduates can be a turn off, especially after years of public education, and the thought of spending more time in class is too much to bear. Still, others may decide it is too early to join the workforce, and choose to enroll in a college instead. The workload for college students can be difficult due to the expense of attending, increased complexity of coursework, and self-governing responsibility needed to succeed. Nonetheless, those who enter the real world can expect rigid work schedules, usually less than adequate pay, and uncertain economic job markets. One noticeable aspect of the real world is the demands employers may place upon his or her employees. Some employers maintain stiff attendance policies and fixed performance quotas. Staying the entire du...
Many claim that Friedrich Nietzsche was an ‘articulate man who had lost his grip on reality’. However we already know that all philosophers have received some form of criticism throughout their careers. Even Socrates was tried on two charges; with corrupting the youth and impiety. It seems as though one cannot think for oneself and broaden one’s vision of the universe without stirring a little controversy. I feel that one cannot truly have knowledge of something without considering every ethical position and outlook. For as we begin to think on the ‘why’ of the decisions we make, we’re able to form more concrete resolutions to the situations we’re placed in. I feel this is important, as Nietzsche believed contrary to many philosophers in his day, even some of the greatest philosophers of all time in Plato and Socrates.