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Society has violated females’ privacy for thousands of years. The violations have crossed relational, physical, spiritual, sexual and emotional borders of women and girls’ privacy and privileges. Furthermore, women hold almost 52 percent of all professional-level jobs; however, American women stay behind men when it comes to their representation in leadership positions. The last decades of the 20th century women’s professional advancement slowed down, narrowing the percentage of women in management jobs. Philosophers like Plato and the ancient cynics have tried to advocate in favor of women. Yet, society has given more attention to the feminist’s political rights than the actual feminist’s social rights as the ones that women should enjoy on their work environment; although achieving equal political rights for women is a necessary condition for women to succeed, it is not sufficient to cover the gender break in leadership and management positions. It would not be sufficient because women’s oppression under male domination does not consist only in depriving women of political and legal rights, it also extends into the arrangement of our society and our culture.
In this paper I will try to show that American women lack of representation in leadership and management positions in the employment industries. As a philosophy scholar and writer Susan James notes, Feminism is defined as “the belief that women are oppressed or disadvantaged by comparison with men, and their oppression is illegitimate or unjustified” (qtd. in Haslanger). Feminism cannot be defined only as a political program or compilation of laws because it is way more than only political affiliations. Sexism has not only dominated women in the political reality, but also ...
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Chu, Anna, and Charles Posner. "The State of Women in America A 50-State Analysis of How Women Are Faring Across the Nation." American Progress. Center for American Progress, 25 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.
Farrel, Jane, and Sarah Jane Glynn. “What Causes the Gender Wage Gap?”. American Progress. Center for American Progress, 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2014
Haslanger, Sally, Tuana Nancy and O'Connor, Peg, "Topics in Feminism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Web. 21 Mar. 2014
Warner, Judith. " Fact Sheet: The Women’s Leadership Gap Women’s Leadership by the Numbers." American Progress. Center for American Progress, 7 Mar. 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2014.
Warner, Judith. "Women’s Leadership What’s True, What’s False, and Why It Matters." American Progress. Center for American Progress, 7 Mar. 2014. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
Clark, Charles S. "Feminism's Future." CQ Researcher 28 Feb. 1997: 169-92. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
“Feminism is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms” (Baptiste). Just as in the past, feminism continues to act as a controversial issue among men and women. In the 1960’s, women finally addressed workplace inequity and created woman organizations to achieve equality. In the early 1960’s, the Equal Pay Act and the Civil Rights Act set a milestone for women’s progression towards work equality. Though women have made great leaps towards true equality, women still face many challenges and continue to be categorized as the subservient gender.
In the majority of early cultures and societies, women have always been considered subservient and inferior to men. Since the first wave of feminism in the 19th century, women began to revolt against those prejudicial social boundaries by branching out of the submissive scope, achieving monumental advances in their roles in civilization. However, gender inequality is still prevalent in developed countries. Women frequently fall victim to gender-based assault and violence, suffer from superficial expectations, and face discriminatory barriers in achieving leadership roles in employment and equal pay. Undoubtedly, women have gained tremendous recognition in their leaps towards equal opportunity, but to condone these discrepancies, especially
One theory of feminism that exists is the world is “Second Wave feminism” (Mandle, 2014). This is the most known form of it. These were the successors to the First-Wave feminists who primarily focused on suffrage and legal rights in the 19th and 20th century (Burkett, 2013). The fundamental goals of Second Wave feminism are different from the first, since they primarily center themselves on abolishing workplace inequality, such as the proverbial glass ceiling and salary difference, through anti-discrimination laws.” (Tavaana, 2014). The ideals proposed by this kind, were adopted by the government in the form of bills and laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2014). This again, is what one would consider the mainstream feminism.
In the American society, we constantly hear people make sure they say that a chief executive officer, a racecar driver, or an astronaut is female when they are so because that is not deemed as stereotypically standard. Sheryl Sandberg is the, dare I say it, female chief operating officer of Facebook while Mark Zuckerberg is the chief executive officer. Notice that the word “female” sounds much more natural in front of an executive position, but you would typically not add male in front of an executive position because it is just implied. The fact that most of America and the world makes this distinction shows that there are too few women leaders. In Sheryl Sandberg’s book “Lean In,” she explains why that is and what can be done to change that by discussing women, work, and the will to lead.
The benefits accomplished through feminism are based on a number of ideas that have been philosophically embraced. The motto of the many different types of feminism stem around the concept of gender equivalency and for feminists this has translated into seeking gender equality. (NORA 260). Some of the modern campaign...
In the year of 2016, news companies, magazines, social media sites, activists, students, and others from many different parts of the globe are still pushing for a variety of women’s rights in a plethora of areas. Among these crucial areas is the workforce. Years after the women’s rights movement initially began, women are still struggling to gain equal access to job opportunities simply because of gender-based discrimination. As part of a platform that was especially promoted by the feminist Second Wave, equal access in the workforce matters because it directly affects how women are able to define their goals, the way in which they can pursue their aspirations, and their capability to provide for
Historically, women have had limited or no political influence, limited legal rights and their societal roles restricted to the home and upbringing of offspring or working in caretaking positions (The Robbins Collection). As Aristotle stated, "the male is by nature superior, and the female inferior; and the one rules, and the other is ruled" (qtd. in Politics book I). Thus, women have complied with the authority of the male dominion and kept within their societal roles or risked confrontation throughout centuries. In director Niki Caro's American film, North Country, released in 2005, women's futile attempt to belong to the male-dominate workplace is presented. However, their struggle to enhance their quality of life and willingness to belong subjected them to demeaning verbal abuse, sexual harassment and oppression within their society. The film is based on the book Class Action: The Story of Lois Jensen and the Landmark Case that Changed Sexual Harassment Law that illitrates the first sexual harassment class action lawsuit in the United Statesand and mirrors the patriachal social system of female suppression in a male-dominant workplace. This essay presents a socio-political feminist approach of the implication of domination to a marginalized workforce and the societal roles within it. Although the glass ceiling of gender ideology bars the passage to equality, women's diligence and endurance can overcome obstacles.
. 1975 The second wave of women entering the job market was motivated less by desire and more by necessity and the need to earn money. Everything cost more now and the amenities of middle class existence can no longer be maintained on a single income. With the rising cost of houses, cars, college, private schools. The economic facts are clear, women must work. Now is the time for women's equality from Congress to all other government and corporate decision-making levels. With men, we get rhetoric, more problems and no answers, but lots of excuses. In the political arena women are making strides throughout America. Although women elected to positions of prominence do not always take pro-women positions, their presence makes a difference. The transnational company that works within government structures and agencies is in an ideal position to use its home country experience working with women managers, and executives to positively reinforce the role of women in government in those jurisdictions where the company has subsidiary operations. Although there are many ex...
Since the nineteen hundredths women in America have been fighting for equality within the workplace. Popular belief would make you believe that today woman are equal to men in every aspect in the workplace. Although, this concept should be true in a lot of the cases it is not. This project assignment will reveal how even today woman are still fighting for equality and how gender roles still play an important part within the workplace.
Women face an unofficial barrier called the glass ceiling, which limits how high a women can advance in a profession. “Women holding the titles of chairman, CEO, COO (chief operating officer), and executive vice president remain at about 7 percent of the population of executives in the United States” (Hoobler, Wayne, & Lemmon, 2009). Women seem to have more of a family-work conflict then men, so bosses don’t seem to have as much desire, to promote females compared to men (Hoobler, Wayne, & Lemmon 939-940). Men still view women as having a social role, examples are cooking, childcare, and household chores. Men feel threatened, and scared when females are able to handle both work and their personal life. Excuses are created by men, where they believe females should focus on one role, because they won’t be able to accomplish family roles and work roles efficiently. Women can help themselves with this issue of family-work conflict, by, improving communication with their employers. Women can communicate to their employer, by explaining and clarifying their expectations on how much workload they can
Wilson, Marie C. Closing the Leadership Gap Why Women Can and Must Help Run the World. New York: Viking Adult, 2004. Print
For many decades, women have faced inequalities in the workforce. At one point, they were not allowed to work at all. Although women's rights have improved and are now able to work alongside men, they are still treated unfairly. According to the 2012 U.S. Census, women’s earnings were “76.5 percent of men’s” (1). In 2012, men, on average, earned $47,398 and women earned only $35,791. This is when comparing employees where both gender spend the same amount of time working. Not only do women encounter unfairness in work pay, they also face a “glass ceiling” on a promotional basis. This glass ceiling is a “promotion barrier that prevents woman’s upward ability” (2). For example, if a woman is able to enter a job traditionally for men, she will still not receive the same pay or experience the same increase in occupational ability. Gender typing plays a huge role in the workplace. It is the idea that women tend to hold jobs that are low paid with low status. Women are not highly considered in leadership positions because of social construction of gender. Society has given women the role of “caretakers” and sensitive individuals. Therefore, women are not depicted as authoritative figures, which is apparent with the absence of women in leadership roles in companies. Furthermore, sex segregation leads to occupations with either the emphasis of women in a certain job or men in a certain job. In 2009, occupations with the highest proportion of women included “secretary, child care worker, hair dresser, cashier, bookkeeper, etc.” (3). Male workers typically held job positions as construction workers, truck drivers, taxi drivers, etc. (3). Sex segregation represents inequality because the gender composition for these jobs depends on what ...
McAfee, Noëlle. "Feminist Political Philosophy." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Winter 2011 Edition ed. Web. 24 Jan. 2012.
In just a few decades The Women’s Liberation Movement has changed typical gender roles that once were never challenged or questioned. As women, those of us who identified as feminist have rebelled against the status quo and redefined what it means to be a strong and powerful woman. But at...