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women during war and conflict
women during war and conflict
contribution of women in the military
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IV. Policy analysis: Social welfare history, ideology, & politics -- 30 points
The United States Department of Veteran Affairs is a government entity in which provides health care, general benefits, services and assistance with burials and memorials to all veterans (Department of Veterans Affairs [VA], 2013). However, there are smaller divisions within the VA that cater to certain interest groups such as women, minorities, homeless and disabled. In focusing on homeless African American women veterans, we are able to examine the policies and programs that cater three of the four interest groups simultaneously. The policies that we will be examining in relation to this group are women veterans’ health policy and homeless women veterans’ policy.
Historical overview (1.5 pages)
Beginning in the Civil War, although not formally part of the service, women became involved in the war (Office of Policy and Planning, 2007). Then, women’s tasks ranged from nursing and cooking and housing the troops. However, there were a few women who joined the battle lines with men. In the 1860s women were not allowed to be in battle, but some chose to disguise themselves as men to fight alongside them. In 1943 the Women’s Army Corps was established and women were given full military status which did not include benefits (Office of Policy and Planning, 2007). After World War II the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act was signed by President Harry Truman in 1948. This act permanently made women apart of the Regular and Reserve forces of the Army, Navy, Marines and the Air Force (Office of Policy and Planning, 2007).
The signing of the Women’s Armed Service Integration Act increased women’s interest in the military. Women were now able to take o...
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... Public and Intergovernmental Affairs (2012). Veteran Homelessness[Format description]. Retrieved from http://www.va.gov/opa/issues/Homelessness.asp
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2013). Veteran Services. Retrieved from http://www.va.gov/landing2_vetsrv.htm
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2013). Women Veteran Health Care. Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.va.gov/about.asp
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2011). 2011 National Training Summit on Women Veterans. Retrievied http://www.va.gov/womenvet/cwv/index.asp
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2011). Homelessness Among Women Veterans. Retrieved from http://www.va.gov/WOMENVET/2011Summit/VasquezFINAL.pdf
United States Department of Veteran Affairs (2011). Upgrade or Change Discharge. Retrieved from https://iris.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1508
In 1973, women began to grow in numbers in the All-Volunteer Force implemented under President Nixon. “In February 1988, Department of Defense (DoD) codified the Combat Exclusion Policy by adopting the ‘Risk Rule’”, (the DoD Combat Exclusion Policy) pg. 21, 22. The change of the feminine role in the civilian population has forced a review of their presence in the Armed Forces. These roles reviewed after the onset of the Exclusion Law in “1967 when the statutory strengths and grade limitations were lifted” (…GOA, pg 4) as well as in 1978 when positions available to women were expanded (…GOA). In 1992 and 1993 when the “Defense Authorization Acts were implemented, congress revoked the prohibition of women’s assignments to combat aircraft… and in January 1994 the ‘Risk Rule’ was rescinded” (the DoD Combat Exclusion Policy) pg 22. With the 1994 change in the “Risk Rule”, assignments were available for females in all services to participate in all available positions. Exceptions of “assignments to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is direct ground combat” (the DoD Combat Exclusion Policy) pg 22(ibid) were put in place.
"Update: Women in the Military." Issues and Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 29 May 2007. Web.
During WWII, the initial acceptance of woman in the military was controversial because they were deciding whether just needed more people, whether they should be an official part of the services, and whether they could perform the jobs. Most people were concerned that women would obstruct the view of American culture because they would be considered “masculine”. By 1944, women proved to be effective in helping during the war. Some were even trained to shoot guns next to the men. In 1994 the DOD (Department of Defense) created a policy that prevented women from combat with their male colleagues. They also could not be assigned to units below the brigade level, whose number one objective is combat on ground. Over the years women have showed that they are physically, mentally, and emotionally able to keep up with men in the military.
Historically, women’s participation in combat roles was limited or hidden, with the exception of a few individuals. Although women had fought unofficially in the U.S army as far back as the Revolutionary War, which they usually disguised themselves as men in order to avoid the rules that excluded them. The gender war and integration in the military has always faced the question of social acceptance, were as society can accept how women will be treated and respected in the military. Throughout the history of the military, our leadership has always sought ways of how to integrate without upsetting the general public to believing that women are capable and created equal as any man.
39,471 veterans are homeless, 91 percent are males, and 54 percent have a mental and or physical disability. That’s currently in the United States of America and most of those consist of veterans from the Iraq , Iran, Afghanistan and the Vietnam war. With the resources that are offered now days, in the United States the amount of homeless veterans is too high. However, many services and programs offer help to get them off the streets and to be cared for if needed.
This review will seek to give a detailed look at the causes, treatment, and after care of homeless veterans. To analyze war history seeking the compatible link between combat service and homelessness status. Focusing on the factors that contribute to this growing population.
Veterans have manifested significant mental or behavioral health issues and in turn, health care services have been set to respond to their needs through educating community health care providers to work with veterans, service members and their families. As Zeiss & Karlin (2008) demonstrates, health care system has partnered with national organizations, health services, resources administration and other major mental projects that target the veterans to ensure effective services to mental health concerns. There are many inter-professional roles geared towards veterans due to their wide-range of mental issues including physicians, psychologists, social workers, substance abuse professionals, licensed counselors, public health workers, therapists related to marriage and family issues, nurses, chaplains, law enforcement and occupational therapists. In the course of this discussion, the way veterans mental issues has been addressed will be constricted to nursing setting to describe the scope, severity, behavioral health issues and responses among veterans.
“To care for those who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his Orphan” These words spoken by Abraham Lincoln were a commitment for all veterans.
Homelessness among veterans has become a major problem in the United States. According to The National Alliance to End Homelessness, states with the largest numbers of homeless Veterans included: California, Florida, New York, Texas, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Michigan, and Oregon. The U.S Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) states that the nation’s homeless veterans are predominantly male, with just a little of them are female. Most of them are single; live in urban areas; and suffer from mental illness, alcohol and substance abuse, or co-occurring disorders. America’s homeless veterans have served in World War II, the Korean War, Cold War, Grenada, Panama, Lebanon, Persian Gulf War, Afghanistan and Iraq, the military’s anti-drug
Ruby, J. (2005, November 1). Women in Combat Roles: Is That the Question?. Off Our Backs,35, 36.
In the opinion of many, there is nothing worse then seeing a veteran living on the streets, someone who risked their life for their country and then they get thrown out to fend for themselves. More than one in ten homeless adults are veterans, totaling to 47,725 homeless veterans or 11 percent of 436,921 homeless adults in 2015. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) states that the nation’s homeless veterans are predominantly male, with roughly 9% being female. Homelessness as a whole has been decreasing for years, including the veteran population, dropping 35% since
Patten, Eileen, and Kim Parker. "Women in the U.S. Military: Growing Share, Distinctive Profile." Pew Research Centers Social Demographic Trends Project RSS. N.p., 22 Dec. 2001. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. .
The story of America’s military woman can be traced to the birth of our nation. During the American Revolutionary War, the 18th and 19th centuries, where women served informally as nurses, seamstresses, cooks, and even as spies and were subject to Army’s rules of Conduct. Though not in uniform, these women shared soldier’s hardships including inadequate housing and little compensation. Women have formally been part of the U.S Armed Forces since the Inception of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901. In 1973 the transition to the All-Volunteer Force marked a dramatic increase in the opportunities available for women to serve in the military. As of September 30, 2009, the total number of active duty women in the U.S was 203, 375, and women made up 14.3 percent of the U.s armed forces (Robinson). Women are a crucial role in c...
For years, women have served and sacrificed for our country. Women, however, do not receive the same rights as men. “....About ten percent of Marine Corps and Army occupational specialities are closed to women...” (Elayne). Just because you are a woman, that does not mean you are incapable. One of the restrictions for women in the military is that they are banned from serving in ground combat jobs. These restrictions make women unable to receive job assignments that could lead them to advancements in their careers. As said in New York Times, “Many women can do combat jobs just as well as men, if not better, but none have the chance to prove it.” Women have worked hard to get through the military, yet they are still limited as to what they are allowed to do. As said by Chamberlain, “...
Wojack, Adam N. “Women Can Be Integrated Into Ground Combat Units.” Integrating Women into the Infantry (2002). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. University of South Alabama Library. 13 July 2006 .