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health status in cambodia
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Cambodia is one the poor country in Southeast Asia that has the highest Maternal mortality rate. This undeveloped country could make a woman die when they give childbirth. Almost of the victim’s women are living in the province because the health center is too far from their home. Moreover, this is important for me to investigate this topic because I want to prevent this bad issue and get rid out of it. There are many reasons that women still die during childbirth, such as, time (before, during and after childbirth issue), age, low-income country and tradition. In Cambodia, some provinces have many women die during pregnancy, while the childbirth or just after pregnancy. When women get the pregnant for the first time, about one to two …show more content…
Cambodia is the low-income country since I lived there. I felt sad about those women that didn’t have money when they want to give the childbirth in the hospital. Most of the hospital and health care center don’t help women to deliver the child, they refuse them (don’t care about the poor pregnant women). According to Anne Ball that VOA’s Men Kimseng reported the issue about “more than 1,000 Cambodian women die each year during pregnancy or childbirth. That is down almost 50 percent compared to the number 15 years ago.” (1) the maternal mortality rate is 170 increased to 900 deaths for 100,000 live births. In addition, The United Nations Foundation, UNICEF (United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund) said that children whose mothers have died during childbirth because they lack medical care, mainly in emergencies. (1) There is a lack of instructed medical staff through the country. In the latest report, UNICEF said: “even when mothers can access healthcare, overall quality of care is deficient.” (1) It said the tests women face health issues to overcome possible together during and after childbirth. Cambodia government states that during pregnancy, poor women do not have to pay for health care services. However, poor women still have to pay for those
After reading the book which mentions the maternal and neonatal situation in Mali, one of the poorest countries in the world, is pitiable. (1) Child birth takes place under lantern light, in Mud bricks with profuse sweating without electricity, no running water, no emergency backup. With only the grace of God and the skill of a midwife that child birth takes place in remote villages in the country of Mali, West Africa, having the third highest total fertility
We are here faced with the polar opposite extremes in birthing. Seemingly, if a woman has too little prenatal care and education regarding birthing (as in Africa) she may not have the access to a Cesarean when she truly needs it; and at the other end of the spectrum if a woman has enveloped herself in a system that relies too heavily on birthing technologies she may end up with an unnecessary Cesarean surgery. Other paradigms exist for birthing such as in Holland where every woman is provided with a midwife for her birth, and Brazil where the C-section rate tops 80 percent. Yet another microcosmic pocket of birth in the U.S. shows us that C-section rates can be achieved at below 2%.
Cook, Selig, Wedge, and Gohn-Baube (1999) stated that an essential part of the country’s public health agenda is to improve access to prenatal care, particularly for economically disadvantaged women. I agree with this statement because access to care is very important for the outcome of a healthy mother and child. Improving access to prenatal care for disadvantaged women will not only save lives but also lighten the high financial, social, and emotional costs of caring for low weight babies. Some of the barriers that these women face are mainly structural where the availability of care is limited; the cost of care is a financial burden; and the time to seek care is problematic due to being single mothers working more than one job (Lia-Hoagberb, 1990). Additionally, there is the issue of prenatal care being delivered differently depending on one’s race. A study found that White mothers delivering ve...
“Malnutrition, neonatal diseases, diarrhoea and pneumonia are the major causes of death. Poor rural states are particularly affected by a dearth of health resources.”(doc V) Those who live in rural areas are unable to receive proper health care because of the lack of health resources. This is a sign of discrimination because the rural states are particularly affected, compared to wealthy states are less affected by the illnesses which torment the poor, yet they are still the ones that receive the most help. The government is not building enough health resources and those that are built are not put in the poor rural areas. The poor are denied health care and hospitals simply because they are poor. And without hospitals to cure the sick and impoverished, they fall deeper into poverty. “Life in an Indian slum was never easy, but for Hiraman Ram, a migrant construction worker, it has recently become a lot harder. 5 months ago, the father-of-three was hospitalised with an intestinal infection, and had to cover the expensive treatment from his own pocket. He has since been unable to work, and the family has been pushed deeper into poverty. "We now survive on borrowed money and other people's goodwill",” Hiraman Ram’s sickness caused his family to go further into poverty. The family had to spend all of their money on treatment and all of their time on taking care of the father. They
The socio economic inequality is often cited as the main fundamental cause of differential health outcomes among men and women. Gender, as structural determinant of health operates through different intermediary determinants that influence the maternal and reproductive health of women and their access to care. This also causes to influence attitudes towards the use of contraceptives and women’s ability to make decision on family planning. Early marriage and early pregnancy leads to high fertility and puts women in danger of anaemia and pregnancy complication, infant mortality also high in children among young mothers. Weak health system, weak information system, discontinuity of care, unsupported health workers and limited referred and accountability, etc. has the implication for the ability to prevent maternal mortality among women seeking care during
Both birth and the postpartum period involve a certain degree of danger for the birthing mother, her nascent child, and her entire family or community. Because childbirth is so dangerous (the average lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy related causes is about one in fifteen in some poor countries, MacCormack 1), most cultures have distinct patterns that determine how the birthing process will be carried out. The birthing process involves different birthing positions; different rules concerning who is allowed to be present during the time of birth; mechanisms for deciding where birth takes place; and different ways by which mother and child deal with labor, birth and postpartum. "As a life crisis event, birth is everywhere a candidate for consensual shaping and social regulation the particular pattern depending on local history, ecology, social structure, technological development, and the like" (Jordan 4). By exploring the original human condition of childbirth one is able to gain insight into the universal biosocial phenomenon known as the birthing process.
Developing nations are plagued by high maternal mortality rates, unwanted pregnancies, and family planning policies that aim to control population growth through sterilization and unsafe birth control drugs. In such harsh settings, traditional midwives are important and effective agents of women’s wellness and family planning policy. This essay will evaluate the community roles of professional versus traditional midwives in rural Asia, including discussion regarding the meager respect afforded traditional midwives by physicians and clinic staff without acknowledging the work they accomplish with such limited resources. Analysis of the results of midwife training programs will compare government-sponsored programs’ curricula to outreach education by colleagues from the international community, showing that these professional midwives provide methods for integrating traditional midwives into professional (hospital) circles as well as offering more realistic approaches to midwives in indigenous communities in the face of Western biomedicine’s influx into government policy. Data will also be presented that suggests that maternal mortality rates are reduced as a result of pre- and post-partum care from midwives, and that education and home visits by midwives helps advance women’s status by increasing their ability to regulate their fertility.
First of all, by preventing illegal operations, it is helpful to protect the pregnant women in terms of economy and health. Han (2010.03.14.) reported the surgery costs were 30-40 hundred thousand won averagely, but it raised more than doubled and some hospitals demanded even millions of won. In addition, certain maternity center that had no license in medical procedure did wrongful termination. However, the problem does not end here. According to Kim (2012.11.16.), abortion trip to China increased rapidly. Many hospitals in China hired brokers for Koreans and lured them for following reasons: short distance from Korea, low surgery fee, generous social perception about feticide (no penalty clause), and experienced doctors due to many surgeries caused by the birth control policy. However, the Korean medical community (as cited in Kim, 2012.11.16.) expressed concern about the backward medical facilities and unsanitary surgical environments of China compared to those of Korea, which could be very harmful to parturient women. Kim (2012.11.16.) reported illegal abortive drugs also became widespread on the grounds that they were safer and cheaper than operations, which were not true and could be a serious danger to mothers’ health as well. Sim who was an ob-gyn (as cited in Park, 2013.12.07.) warned if women in childbed took abortifacients without medical supervision, they could suffer from side effects like incomplete
Maternal health has been seen as an issue of immediate concern for the developing countries. Socio-cultural factors in many developing countries particularly; those in Asia are leading to increased maternal mortality due to poor health. This fact can be seen from the social and cultural trends in these countries because of these factors various disabilities, inadequacies and even deaths are increasing. Differential in socio-economic status are seen for most conditions diseases and risk factors in this country. The social distribution of health and the social causes, which most affect health, must be understood and addressed.
Infanticide is a way to alter the reproductive stream before the child has the status of a real person, which is culturally defined (source). The deaths of weak, illegitimate, excess, deformed and unwanted infants are not defined as murder when the infants have not yet been born into the social world. Infanticide occurs cross-culturally for a multitude of causes. The reasons for infanticide can be summed up into three categories: biological (including the health of the child and twin stigmas), economical (relation to other children, women's workload, and available resources) and cultural (preferred gender, illegitimate children). This essay will examine cross-culturally the biological, economic and cultural factors for infanticide.
Another area of the world where women are lacking reproductive rights is Columbia. Many women in Columbia cannot afford contraceptives and abortion is illegal. Women are forced to have abortions by a non-professional or induce them on themselves. Abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and hospitalization. Sterilization has now become the largest form of family planning in Columbia because contraceptives are not affordable. They either have to take the chance and risk dealing with an unwanted pregnancy or abortion or they have to use steri...
Men, Chean, et al. "Gender as a social determinant of health: Gender as a social determinant of health: Gender analysis of the health sector Gender analysis of the health sector ender analysis of the health sector in Cambodia." Summary Report: World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 19-21 October 2011, World Conference on Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization, 2012, pp. 22-42, www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/draft_background_paper15_cambodia.pdf. Accessed 4 July 2017.
Since the 1970s, many countries in the world the problem of adolescent sexuality and first sexual experience at young age appeared. To make matters worse, the trend of adolescent pregnancy became increasingly serious. From the fact sheet of World Health Organization, there are about 16 million adolescent girls giving birth every year – most in low- and middle-income countries. Among them, an estimated three million girls aged 15-19 undergo unsafe abortions every year. In low- and middle-income countries, over 30% of girls marry before they are 18 years of age; around 14% before the age of 15 and complications from pregnancy and childbirth are a leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.
That is 545 deaths per every 100,000 successful deliveries. Also, a woman’s chance of dying from “pregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria is 1 in 13” (Abara 2012) Nearly 50% of Nigerian women are mothers before they turn 20. There in inability to access quality 6 health care services, poor access to safe childbirth services and lack of adequate and affordable emergency care. In some parts of the country, religion does not allow women to deliver in the hospital. Also, the husbands are not to be happy to see their wives opening up to a doctor for any from of virginal exanimations. So from a young age, the girl child is taught how to deliver her baby unassisted. This leads to infections and death. Also, gender inequality is imbedded in Nigerian society and culture. Although women do have rights to land, the patriarchal society dictates that their rights are weaker than a man 's. This shows the unequal distribution of power between man and women. Women have a very high fertility rate of six children per woman, due to the pressure on her to give birth to boys who can inherit and own land. As said by Newbury, “If a woman has a girl first, she is more likely to have more children, not use contraceptives, have short periods between pregnancies, and be subjected to polygamy” (Newbury 2004). Each of these factors increases a woman 's vulnerability to
An important area for the development of a country is definitely the health sector, but in countries like Nepal where the Human Development Index(WHO, 2012) is only 0.463, a lot of people do not even receive any health provisions. The ethnic groups such as Dalit and Janajati in Nepal, are much affected by the unequal access and use of state- provided public health resources, facilities and services. In many cases, even among all these, it is the women and children (especially girls) who suffer the most as they are discriminated based on gender, caste and ethnicity. That being said, through this research I will be focusing on the health issues among the women in Nepal and how various factors such as the gender inequality, caste system, and traditional beliefs contribute to affect their health.