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Millennium development goals 2018
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The Millennium Development Goals are eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of United Nations in 2000. All 189 United Nations member states at the time and at least 23 international organizations committed to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The aim of the Millennium Development Goals is to encourage economic and social development in all countries, particularly less-economically developed countries. As of today, progress towards the goals has been uneven. Meanwhile, some countries, such as Brazil, have achieved many goals, while others, such as Benin, are not on track to achieving any. Accordingly, the majority of LEDCs, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, will fail to reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. One could say that this can be attributed to the fact that the goals are not overly-ambitious and unrealistic goals in themselves, but rather it is the timespan of fifteen years that is the unrealistic aspect of the goals. Even with increased efforts, it can be said that a much larger timeframe is required in order for the goals to be achieved, particularly the poverty, education and health related goals.
The first Millennium Development Goal is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. Specifically referring to poverty, all regions have experienced a decline in absolute poverty, with the exception of West Africa. Nonetheless, apart from the regions of South-East Asia and East Asia, no regions have actually met the Millennium Development Goal. The explanation for the vast decrease in poverty in Asia is due to the great success of countries such as China, India, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam and Indonesia. Out of all the countries...
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...cerned areas, but this progress has been uneven, with some countries achieving the goals rapidly, some countries on track of achieving the goals, and some countries not achieving the goal at all. There will definitely be a time when the world meets these goals, if more aid and money is efficiently allocated between the developing countries.Ultimately, the goals are unrealistic in the sense that they were expected to be achieved by 2015. This was simply impractical as natural disasters, climate change and the global financial crisis have all threatened the progress. Not only this, but with the foreign debt haunting many countries in the developing world, this has halted the development and progress. Having said that, it is important that the governments stick to their commitments even if they will not be achieved by 2015 and work on achieving them in the next decade.
The eight Millennium Development Goals proposed by the UN during the Millennium General Assembly of 2000 will not be reached in Africa by 2015 if international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund continue to impose unethical and punishing economic policies through the Structural Adjustment Program (SAPs) on the poor and undeveloped countries of Africa and if the wealthy old core countries continue to break promises and hesitate to donate enough financial aid to Africa to help it recover from the destructive effects of the SAPs and the AIDS pandemic, and to also ensure gender equality and rights of women in Africa.
...ially, economically and environmentally, and this would only happen if we prioritize and give importance on what people can do, as what community-based forest management says “people first and sustainable development will follow. Good governance among countries will trigger the development needed, not just any development but a sustainable one especially for underdeveloped and developing countries.
Peter Singer, in his influential essay “Famine, Affluence and Poverty”, argues that affluent people have the moral obligation to contribute to charity in order to save the poor from suffering; any spending on luxuries would be unjustified as long as it can be used to improve other’s lives. In developing his argument, Singer involves one crucial premise known as the Principle of Sacrifice—“If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it” . To show that such principle has the property to be held universal, Singer refers to a scenario in which a person witnesses a drowning child. Most people, by common sense, hold that the witness has the moral duty to rescue the child despite some potential costs. Since letting people die in poverty is no different from watching a child drowning without offering any help, Singer goes on and concludes that affluent people have the moral duty to keep donating to the poor until an increment of money makes no further contribution.
United Nations Development Programme. Poverty Reduction and UNDP. New York: United Nations Development Programme, Jan. 2013. PDF.
Since the 1990s, poverty rate worldwide has been halved from 43% to 21% in 2010. More than a billion people in the developing world have been lifted out of poverty (Economist, 2013). Most of the growth was driven by China and India which have lifted 716 million people put of poverty. This 'economic miracle' has been unprecedented and represents an opportunity for developing country to achieve economic development.
Entering the 21st. Century – World Development Report 1999/2000. World Bank 2000. Oxford University Press. New York, NY 2000.
The UN Millennium Development Goals are as follows: eradicate extreme hunger and poverty; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and global partnership for development. At face value, these sound like worthy goals for the world to strive toward. However, the achievement of these goals and the positive impact, if any, these have on developme...
The U.N. has created the Istanbul Program of Action. The goal for this is to have a more strategic, comprehensive, and sustained approach based on ambitious, focused and realistic commitments to bring about structural transformation in least developed countries that fosters accelerated, sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development that helps least developed countries meet long-standing as well as emerging challenges.
A nineteen year old pregnant Chinese girl is forced to abort because she is "too young" to have a child. Iran, an Islamic nation, instructs religious leaders to promote contraception as a social duty. A Norwegian international banker worries about "migratory tensions" that would engulf his nation with waves of third world immigrants. A Los Angles Times article decries the lack of an official United States population policy. What do these statements share in common?
“…increasing international trade and financial flows since the Second World War have fostered sustained economic growth over the long term in the world’s high-income states. Some with idle incomes have prospered as well, but low-income economies generally have not made significant gains. The growing world economy has not produced balanced, healthy economic growth in the poorer states. Instead, the cycle of underdevelopment more aptly describes their plight. In the context of weak economies, the negative effects of international trade and foreign investments have been devastating. Issues of trade and currency values preoccupy the economic policies of states with low-income economies even more than those with high incomes because the downturns are far more debilitating.1”
Eighteen (18) targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for attaining the goals. The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) in its 2nd Guidance note (endorsed in 2003) on ‘Country Reporting on the Millennium Development Goals’ provided a framework of 53 indicators (48 basic + 5 alternative). These are categorized according to targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets in the table 1.1.
“The United Nations International Strategy (1970) spells out “the ultimate objective of development must be to bring about sustained improvement in the well-being of the individual and bestow benefits on all.”
Causes and Solutions of World Poverty Poverty is prevalent throughout the world around us. We watch television and see famous people begging us to sponsor a child for only ten dollars a month. We think in our own minds that ten dollars is only pocket change, but to those children and their families, that ten dollars is a large portion of their annual income. We see images of starving children in far away countries, and our hearts go out to them. But we really do not know the implications of poverty, why it exists, or even what we can do to help combat this giant problem in our world.
The expiration of The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) has made the post 2015 landscape an intergovernmental priority. The revised Sustainable Development Goals, (SDGs) propose seventeen global initiatives that focus on the eradication of extreme poverty whilst also considering economic development and environmental protection (Veit & Hazlewood, 2014). Whilst Matuschke (2015) agrees that this is a “pivotal year for sustainable development”, she also questions the validity of these global directives, as there remains a disjuncture between their “conflicting aims.” This essay will consider the extent to which the SDGs address three global imperatives for development; global economic power, climate change and inequality.
Some of the goals are doing well, such as primary schooling. However the “reducing hunger by half” goal is not. The chart shows that two regions of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, have high hunger with only fair progress. The rest of the regions they included have moderate hunger with very little progress. This proves that the methods used to accomplish the MDGs were ineffective and insufficient (in text citation- progress chart). The fact that the Sustainable Development Goal pertaining to hunger includes food security, nutrition, and agriculture is an achievement in itself because “it acknowledges the crucial role played by food-based approaches to nutrition” (in text citation- Goal 2). Improvements in agriculture can ultimately lead to ending hunger because people will have access to more nutritious foods and farmers will be able to produce more food. The UN said the purpose of the Millennium Development Goals was “to shape a broad vision to fight poverty and combat numerous issues hampering development progress” (in text citation- chart). This claim is contradicting because the only goal regarding hunger was to reduce it by half. Perhaps one of the reasons this goal wasn’t fully accomplished was because the UN didn’t incorporate other components such as nutrition and agriculture into the Millennium