The definition of the concept of a “mental disorder,” is fundamental to the mental health field and has been an important yet controversial issue in psychology. To properly assess, treat, and even prevent mental disorders, psychologists must initially develop a clear understanding of the term. Labeling a person’s behavior as a mental disorder can affect the way they are viewed by others and the way in which they view themselves. Thus, it is important to achieve a good measure of what constitutes a mental disorder so that they are accurately diagnosed and treated.
What is a mental disorder? Currently, there are four criteria that are used to determine whether a person has a mental disorder. First, maladaptiveness of behavior refers to behavior of the individual that does not promote the well being of another individual or social group. Next, deviation from social norms is concerned with behavior straying from the standards that have been set by a particular society. Third, deviation from statistical norms refers to any type of behavior that is statistically rare and therefore unusual (Smith). However, according to this definition, a person who is extremely intelligent would be classified as abnormal. Thus we must consider yet another possibility. The fourth criterion considers mental disorder in terms of the individual’s personal distress rather than his or her behavior. This explanation is based on bizarreness, discomfort, and inefficiency. Whil...
From the very beginning of Tartuffe, the reader learns that Tartuffe is held in great religious standing by Orgon’s mother:” Whatever he reproves deserves reproof. He’s out to save
Page 321 is a conversation between Cleante and Orgon in which Cleante accuses Orgon of defending Tartuffe and saying that anyone who disagrees is in want of reverence. Which I believe means that he thinks that the accusers think that they are better than Tartuffe.
The most obvious weakness shared between Orgon and Madame Pernelle is gullibility. The trait of gullibility can be seen as a family trait as suggested in an essay on "Tartuffe" : "His mother shares his capacity for self-delusion even after Tartuffe has been found out ("We cannot always judge by what we see")" (Weals). Orgon believes because Tartuffe claims to be a man of God he should put everything he has into Tartuffe's hands. He proves how much he believes this after Damis tells him that Tartuffe was flirting with Elmire. From this accusation Orgon replies to Damis: "I disinherit you; an empty purse / Is all you'll get from me - except my curse!" (III, vii , 68). Madame Pernelle shows the family trait that she shares with her son when she states: "He's a fine man, and should be listened to."(I, i ,44), while speaking of Tartuffe. Although they share this trait throughout the play, Orgon's eyes are finally opened at the end of the play while his mother is still held by the farce of Tartuffe.
in the end they were all enlightened. In "Tartuffe", Orgon was manipulated by Tartuffe, a
If anything, Madame Pernelle and Orgon are incredibly gullible. One author suggests that this gullibility is a shared family trait, stating that “his mother shares his capacity for self-delusion even after Tartuffe has been found out (we cannot always judge by what we see)” (Weals). Orgon foolishly believes that Tartuffe is a man of God, and, because of this, he should put everything he has into Tartuffe's hands. He proves how much he believes this after Damis tells him that Tartuffe was flirting with Elmire. From this accusation Orgon replies to Damis: "I disinherit you; an empty purse / Is all you'll get from me - except my curse!" (III, vii , 68). Madame Pernelle shows the family trait that she shares with her son when she states: "He's a fine man, and should be listened to."(I, i ,44), while speaking of Tartuffe. Although they share this trait throughout the play, Orgon's eyes are finally opened at the end of the play while his mother is still held by the farce of Tartuffe.
Another challenge is to superstition, deception, and oppressive traditions. Tartuffe is a character that is related to the church and yet is a very deceptive, hypocritical character. He is able to con Orgon into letting him into his home. Furthermore, Orgon is deceived into disinheriting his own son and leaving all the inheritances to Tartuffe. Orgon is an example of the oppressive person who tries to maintain complete control.
Among the various historical Public Administration personalities, Wilson (1887) has presented the many facets of what and who a Public Administrator was and should be. He initially identified the Public Administrator as the absolute ruler like a king in a monarchy, a tyrant, despot, monopolist/s or oligarchs. When the absolute rulers were overtaken by “popular control”, the administrator would refer to the state, the sovereign people or popular sovereignty or popular rule. Governor was another term used to denote administrator, acting as a servant (civil servant) of the governed – great office of public trust. At this point, public opinion evolved just like a monarch but is comprised of many people / minds with different opinions. Wilson said, “wherever public opinion exists it must rule”.
Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and disturbances of thought, mood, and perception. Schizophrenia is the most common and the most potentially sever and disabling of the psychosis, a term encompassing several severe mental disorders that result in the loss of contact with reality along with major personality derangements. Schizophrenia patients experience delusions, hallucinations and often lose thought process. Schizophrenia affects an estimated one percent of the population in every country of the world. Victims share a range of symptoms that can be devastating to themselves as well as to families and friends. They may have trouble dealing with the most minor everyday stresses and insignificant changes in their surroundings. They may avoid social contact, ignore personal hygiene and behave oddly (Kass, 194). Many people outside the mental health profession believe that schizophrenia refers to a “split personality”. The word “schizophrenia” comes from the Greek schizo, meaning split and phrenia refers to the diaphragm once thought to be the location of a person’s mind and soul. When the word “schizophrenia” was established by European psychiatrists, they meant to describe a shattering, or breakdown, of basic psychological functions. Eugene Bleuler is one of the most influential psychiatrists of his time. He is best known today for his introduction of the term “schizophrenia” to describe the disorder previously known as dementia praecox and for his studies of schizophrenics. The illness can best be described as a collection of particular symptoms that usually fall into four basic categories: formal thought disorder, perception disorder, feeling/emotional disturbance, and behavior disorders (Young, 23). People with schizophrenia describe strange of unrealistic thoughts. Their speech is sometimes hard to follow because of disordered thinking. Phrases seem disconnected, and ideas move from topic to topic with no logical pattern in what is being said. In some cases, individuals with schizophrenia say that they have no idea at all or that their heads seem “empty”. Many schizophrenic patients think they possess extraordinary powers such as x-ray vision or super strength. They may believe that their thoughts are being controlled by others or that everyone knows what they are thinking. These beliefs ar...
It can provide some insight into what creates discrimination of various types. Research can offer us an understanding of how they could occur. They just might offer change through awareness. The understanding of this subject has the potential to change the cultural language. With this knowledge, it should provide some awareness, and in turn, possible behavioral changes in our social environments. Once we can identify our own mindbugs, we then need to acknowledge their existence. They might go against everything we believe in consciously, but it may provide us with the opportunities to make very deliberate choices to go against the hidden biases within us. In doing so, we may need to find others who we normally would not associate with due to their backgrounds being opposite of ours. In other words, we may need to come out of our comfort zones and specific routines when we make decisions. If we do this, it may prevent biases from shaping our behavior as well as our attitudes. Perhaps, it may influence all of us to critically re-think our beliefs in being an honest and fair society. If all of us have the power to weaken mindbugs by examining our own actions, we use it to make a positive change in our lives and the rest of the
"Ah. And Tartuffe?"(21). When she tells him of Tartuffe's unconcern and zealous consumption in spite of Elmire's condition, he says, "Poor fellow!" Poor Orgon is so caught up in his own
History shows that signs of mental illness and abnormal behavior have been documented as far back as the early Greeks however, it was not viewed the same as it is today. The mentally ill were previously referred to as mad, insane, lunatics, or maniacs. W.B. Maher and B.A. Maher (1985) note how many of the terms use had roots in old English words that meant emotionally deranged, hurt, unhealthy, or diseased. Although early explanations were not accurate, the characteristics of the mentally ill have remained the same and these characteristics are used to diagnose disorders to date. Cultural norms have always been used to assess and define abnormal behavior. Currently, we have a decent understanding of the correlates and influences of mental illness. Although we do not have complete knowledge, psychopathologists have better resources, technology, and overall research skills than those in ancient times.
Damis caught Tartuffe seducing his mother, and he believes he has adequate proof to make his father punish Tartuffe. He describes Tartuffe’s character as black, and he proceeds to his father to reveal what he found out. However, his father does not believe that Tartuffe is a hypocrite hence he asserts that Damis is not right. He insists that Tartuffe’s hypocrisy claims are a motive by his son to taint his reputation and purity. In this scene, the author lays emphasis on an element of foolishness. Orgon prefers to enshrine his trust in a stranger rather than his family. He should give priority to his son because Tartuffe is just a third party who may pretend to have Orgon’s well-being at heart. It even shows that the disagreement between the father and his son may a result of the father’s blindness and poor judgment. Instead of taking precautions to understand Tartuffe’s innate nature, Orgon continues to make more mistakes by insisting that his daughter should marry Tartuffe and not Mariane. On the other hand, his daughter wants to marry Mariane. Through the marriage, Orgon hopes that Tartuffe can attain a better social position and remain within the house forever. It shows that Tartuffe has some control over Orgon because he feels the need to keep him around all the time regardless of the negative things he hears about him. Here, the reader learns that people must listen to the opinions of others and respond appropriately to
Barlow, D., Durand, V., & Stewart, S. (2009). Abnormal psychology an integrative apporach. (2nd ed.). United States of America: Wadsworth
Mental illness is the condition that significantly impede with an individual’s emotional, cognitive or social abilities (Savy and Sawyer, 2009). According to (Savy and Sawyer, 2009) neurological, metabolic, genetic and psychological causes are contributing factors for various types of mental illness like depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse and progression of condition. An elaborate system known as DSM-IV-TR gives a classification system that acts to separate mental illness into diagnostic categories based on the description of symptoms of illness (Savy and Sawyer, 2009). The exact primarily causes of mental illness are complicated, however, it seems to occur in a psychologically and biologically prone individual, in the trigger of environmental and social stress (Elder, Evans and Nizette, 2007).
Ohemeng, Frank, L.K. and Leone, Robert P. “Should Public Sector be RUN like a Business.” Approaching Public Administration. Edmond Montgomery Publications Limited, (2011), P. 1-362.