Why Don T All Plants Use C4 Respiration

Short Answer Questions:
1. What would be an immediate consequence for a cell with a mutant form of DNA polymerase that has lost its proofreading function?
DNA relies on the proofreading function in order to correct errors in the gene. Without the proofreading function, the mutations to the DNA will become permanent and thus affect the cell depending on what gene was changed.

2. Name 2 C4 plants. What is the advantage of C4 respiration? Why don’t all plants use C4 respiration?
Corn and crabgrass are examples of C4 plants. C4 respiration minimizes excess water loss and maximizes sugar production, allowing C4 plants to thrive in hot and dry environments where C3 plants wouldn’t be able to survive. The reason that all plants don’t use C4 respiration

Describe the steps of protein synthesis beginning with the attachment of a messenger RNA molecule to the small subunit of a ribosome and ending with the release of the polypeptide from the ribosomes. Include in your answer a discussion of how the different types of RNA function in this process. mRNA binds to the binding site located on the small subunit of the ribosome, which is part of the ribosomal RNA. tRNA then binds to the start codon. tRNA binds to one of the tRNA-binding sites on the large subunit after the large and small subunit bind together to create a ribosome. The tRNA binding site is called the P site, this is where the growing polypeptide will be. The open tRNA is called the A site and it is ready for a new tRNA to be bound. After the initiation process is complete, amino acids begin to be added to the polypeptide in a three step process known as elongation. First, the mRNA codon in the A site pairs with the anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule. Next, the polypeptide separates from the tRNA in the P site and attaches to the amino acid that was carried by the tRNA in the A site. The ribosome catalyzes formation of the bond. Finally, the P site tRNA leaves the ribosome and the ribosome moves the tRNA in the A site to the P site with its attached polypeptide. A new tRNA is then able to bind to the A site to start the elongation process over again. Eventually, a stop codon will reach the A site signaling the amino acid to stop translation