It was high sun already when little foot woke from his slumber. As he strolled out of his teepee he heard his father, Big Crow was arguing with a white man “This is our land we signed the treaty ten summers ago for it.” “Not anymore, your chief signed our new treaty for the new reduced land.” “That chief did not meet with the council of the 44.” “That’s irrelevant, he still sighed it, with or without permission, just get into the new reservation today. Then nobody gets hurt” “Little Foot!” His mother, Green Leaf, called out “ Orange Mouse is out hunting already” “Good, I shall join him” little foot responded. It was only ten summers ago when he had moved to the reservation, it frightened him to think that he would have to take another long walk that brought so much death and sorrow to him and his tribe. The tribe had to learn many new skills like buffalo hunting when they moved to the south where farming was …show more content…
Orange Mouse knew he would miss the soldier before he even released the arrow. They arrow missed by three feet to the right, surprisingly the solder saw the arrow fly, then did nothing but walk away. Orange Mouse was furious, he dashed forward with his rabbit blood stained knife, screaming. Every soldier in a thousand foot radius turned and aimed their thunder and lightning shooters and shot. His body ragdolled and fell limp. Little Foot was having trouble keeping the rabbit in his stomach. Especially when the soldiers approached him and cut his ears and fingers. Little Foot hid in the bush for the rest of the day till the soldiers stopped looting. When the full moon crept from the east Little Foot crawled from the now familiar to him like the back of his hand. When he stood, his knees buckled under his own weight. After getting up again he finally found balance and ran as fast a he could into the
“The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830’s was [less] a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790’s [and more] a change in that policy.”
Cole and peter whet to the pond and soaked. They had soaked so many times that that they just jumped in the pond with a splash. As they carried the ancestor rock up the hill they paused in their tracks. Less than 6 feet away was the spirit bear. But something was different about the bear, it had open wounds and blood on its white fur. Peter and Cole just stood there in that same position with the big ancestor rock behind them. The Spirit bear was so still that it amazed them so much that it scared them. At once they inched backwards down that hill.
Garrison, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations Studies in the Legal History of the South. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2002.
The first settlers in the United States are Native Americans. Fighting for hierarchy and they once roamed nomadically, searching for peace and sanity. Seeking equality from the white m...
Two-hundred years ago, there was a scientific study on the brains of Native Americans called the craniology and phrenology. The Europeans examined only indigenous people’s heads and were forbidden to use any European’s brains. The Europeans did three experiments, such as decapitating the tops of the heads and filling them with sand to see if their brains were smaller than blacks. The Europeans also looked at the bones and said that if the bones were in a certain way (such as natives cheek bones being up higher) the person was thought to be stupid. The last experiment the Europeans did to American Indians was that they had a small devise that they would put on the head and it would slice the brain open. There would be an award for retrieving a male’s brain that was five cents. By retrieving a woman’s brain the price would be three cents, and lastly a child’s brain which would be two cents. This is when the term redskin was invented (Poupart, 2014).
In the early 1830s, “nearly 125,000 Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida” . These were areas of land that the American Indian people and their ancestors had occupied and cultivated for generations. However, to many White Americ...
Native Americans have faced increasing encroachment by European and Euro-American settlers since the discovery of the Americas by Europeans in 1492. Beginning with the Caribs, mistakenly labeled as Indians by Christopher Columbus, continuing with the ‘Indian Wars’ waged by the U.S. government against such tribes as the Lakota and Apache, and lasting until today, native peoples have had to adjust and adapt constantly to survive. Native peoples have had to use and balance their ‘historical agency,’ or the ability of a people to affect the world around them throughout history, against the ‘structural forces’ set up by outsiders and foreign governments, which seek to limit their impact on the world. Both Andrew Fisher and Jeffrey Ostler have written about native groups, the Columbia River Indians and the Lakota, respectively, which have balanced historical agency against external structural forces over time. According to Fisher and Ostler, both the Lakota and the Columbia River Indians have used legal and illegal means to promote their historical agency. Both have a central cultural issue at the heart of their struggle against external structural forces. Ultimately, however, both groups have used the struggle between their historical agency and external structural forces to forge an identity that allowed them to adapt and survive into the twenty-first century.
Before, during, and after the Civil War, American settlers irreversibly changed Indian ways of life. These settlers brought different ideologies and convictions, such as property rights, parliamentary style government, and Christianity, to the Indians. Clashes between the settlers and Indians were common over land rights and usage, religious and cultural differences, and broken treaties. Some Indian tribes liked the new ideas and began to incorporate them into their culture by establishing written laws, judicial courts and practicing Christianity, while other tribes rejected them (“Treatment”). Once the United States purchased Louisiana from the French in 1803, Americans began to encroach into the Indian lands of the south and west which led to more battles between the two groups, until Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forcibly removed Indians out of their lands in the southeast and into the western territories. These policies continued until the Civil War. Due to the Civil War, westward expansion slowed down which gave the Indians more autonomy and less interaction with the American settlers. The high cost of the war, high casualties, and fear of a split nation forced President Lincoln and Congress to ignore the Indian problem for some time. The signing of the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 by President Lincoln had severe impacts on the Indians and their new western territories (Black). These two acts brought the Americans further into the western Indian territories, promoted the destruction of natural resources which supported the Indians, and started the eventual creation of Indian reservations as they are today (Black). The early and sustained policies of the United Sta...
Towards the development of the United States of America there has always been a question of the placement of the Native Americans in society. Throughout time, the Natives have been treated differently like an individual nation granted free by the U.S. as equal U.S. citizens, yet not treated as equal. In 1783 when the U.S. gained their independence from Great Britain not only did they gain land from the Appalachian Mountains but conflict over the Indian policy and what their choice was to do with them and their land was in effect. All the way from the first presidents of the U.S. to later in the late 19th century the treatment of the Natives has always been changing. The Native Americans have always been treated like different beings, or savages, and have always been tricked to signing false treaties accompanying the loss of their homes and even death happened amongst tribes. In the period of the late 19th century, The U.S. government was becoming more and more unbeatable making the Natives move by force and sign false treaties. This did not account for the seizing of land the government imposed at any given time (Boxer 2009).
The movement westward during the late 1800’s created new tensions among already strained relations with current Native American inhabitants. Their lands, which were guaranteed to them via treaty with the United States, were now beginning to be intruded upon by the massive influx of people migrating from the east. This intrusion was not taken too kindly, as Native American lands had already been significantly reduced due to previous westward conquest. Growing resentment for the federal government’s Reservation movement could be felt among the native population. One Kiowa chief’s thoughts on this matter summarize the general feeling of the native populace. “All the land south of the Arkansas belongs to the Kiowas and Comanches, and I don’t want to give away any of it” (Edwards, 203). His words, “I don’t want to give away any of it”, seemed to a mantra among the Native Americans, and this thought would resound among them as the mounting tensions reached breaking point.
Over the course of history, there have been many different views of Native Americans, or Indians, as many have referred to them. Some have written about them in a positive and respectful manner while others have seen them as pure evil that waged war and killed innocent men, women, and children. No matter what point of view one takes, though, one thing is clear and that is if it were not for these people the early settlers would not have survived their first year in the new land now called the United States of America. In short, it is my belief that the various authors’ viewpoints are simply a reflection of the circumstances of their particular situation. Nevertheless, one question remains: Were the Native Americans good or evil people?
For many years Native American removal has caused a lot of pain and suffering for many Indians in America. How we have treated Native Americans in the past is an embarrassment to our history. Removing Native Americans from their land when we first settled here was wrong because we caused them a lot of hardships, took something from them that wasn’t ours to take, and in the end we all the pain and suffering we caused them was really for nothing. People still believe today that taking away their land was the right thing to do because they think that we were technically the first people to settle here so it was rightfully ours to take. How people thought about the Native Americans when we first settled just shows you how ignorant we were and explains a lot of why we did what we did to African American slaves as well.
... tribes. He told his men to take the scalps of the Cheyenne and wear them to get the Indian tribes to flee.
To understand Jackson’s book and why it was written, however, one must first fully comprehend the context of the time period it was published in and understand what was being done to and about Native Americans in the 19th century. From the Native American point of view, the frontier, which settlers viewed as an economic opportunity, was nothin...
...to perspective for him. He finally got to understand that he was the last one left. If he did not share anything and everything he knew about his tribe, they would perish forever.